State v. DamonState v. Damon
- Reporters:
- ,
- Before:
- Arnold M. Stein, Cuff
We reverse petitioner‘s denial of his post-conviction relief application because the trial judge permitted petitioner to be shackled in the presence of the jury.
According to the evidence рroduced at trial, petitioner, Reginald Ross and Michael Streater, driving in a stolen beige car, robbed and severely assaulted three individuals. Two of the victims were stabbed. One of the victims identified pеtitioner as the person who stabbed him twice and severely beat him. A friend of one victim identified petitioner at trial as the individual driving the car.
Petitioner did not testify at trial. He offered the testimony of Streater, who admitted participating in the attacks but insisted
Petitioner was found guilty of three counts of first degree robbery, three counts of aggravated assault and two counts of aggravated assault with a deadly weapon. Aftеr merging several of the convictions, the judge sentenced petitioner to a sixty-year prison term with a thirty-year parole ineligibility period. A total VCCB penalty of $1,500 was imposed. We affirmed the judgment of conviction with the exception of the sentence. We remanded the matter to the trial judge for resentencing pursuant to the guidelines in State v. Yarbough, 100 N.J. 627, 644, 498 A.2d 1239 (1985), cert. denied, 475 U.S. 1014, 106 S.Ct. 1193, 89 L.Ed.2d 308 (1986), now superseded by statute,
Petitioner raises the following contentions in his brief on appeal:
I. THE COURT BELOW ERRED BY FAILING TO FIND THAT PETITIONER WAS DENIED A FAIR TRIAL, UNDER THE FIFTH, SIXTH AND FOURTEENTH AMENDMENTS TO THE UNITED STATES CONSTITUTION AND UNDER ARTICLE I, PARAGRAPH 10 OF THE NEW JERSEY CONSTITUTION, WHEN THE TRIAL COURT FORCED PETITIONER TO STAND TRIAL IN RESTRAINTS.
A. The Court Below Erred When it Denied the Petition for Post-Conviction Relief on Procedural Grounds.
B. The Court Below Erred When it Found that Petitioner Had Not Been Deprived of a Fair Trial Despite the Fact that He Was restrained Throughout His Trial Without Sufficient Cause.
II. THE COURT BELOW ERRED BY FAILING TO FIND THAT PETITIONER WAS DEPRIVED OF DUE PROCESS OF LAW WHEN THE TRIAL COURT EXCLUDED HIM FROM A JUROR INTERROGATION CRITICAL TO HIS TRIAL.
A. The Court Below Erred When it Denied the Petition for Post-Conviction Relief on Procedural Grounds.
B. The Court Below Erred When it Found that Petitioner Had Not Been Deprived of Due Process Despite the Fact that He Was Not Present at a Proceeding at Which He Could Have Assisted.
III. PETITIONER RECEIVED INEFFECTIVE ASSISTANCE OF COUNSEL AND THE COURT BELOW ERRED BY FAILING TO GRANT THE PETITION ON THIS BASIS.
A. Trial Counsel Committed a Series of Errors So Serious That He Was Not Functioning as the “Counsel” Guaranteed by the Sixth Amendment.
B. Trial Counsel‘s Errors Prejudiced Petitioner.
Points II and III are clearly without merit.
By the time petitioner‘s post-conviction relief аpplication was heard, the trial judge had retired and the matter was heard by a different judge, who concluded that petitioner was procedurally barred from seeking post-conviction reliеf because the claims raised by him could have been raised in a prior proceeding. We disagree.
A petition for post-conviction relief is not a substitute for direct appeal.
It is difficult to determine from the record what restraints petitioner actually wоre in the presence of the jury and for how many trial days he wore them. There is nothing in the trial
On the last day of trial, the following colloquy took place outside the presence of the jury:
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: Your Honor, I would like to have the handcuffs taken off.
THE COURT: May I ask why?
[DEFENSE COUNSEL]: It would be more beneficial, obviously not to have him come in shackles, handcuffs and leg chains.
THE COURT: The leg chains can cоme off. I don‘t have any problem with the leg chains, but with reference to the cuffs in the matter, there‘s two reasons. Number one, we are a little bit short here today. We are short one Sheriff‘s Officer. I can have one Sheriff‘s Officer at one door and one at the other door. And we do have Corrections Officer for the rear door, as far as it‘s concerned. But under the circumstances that we have, the jury is going to definitely know that hе is incarcerated, that he is in jail. And, under the circumstances, as I said, if he has got shackles on, we will take the shackles off. But the cuffs, I believe, we should leave on at this time.
[Emphasis added.]
It was inexcusable for the trial judge to require petitioner to remain handcuffed in the presence of the jury merely because there was a shortage of courtroom security personnel. A trial judge should not surrender the control of his or her courtroom to a claimed need for courtroom security at the sacrifice of petitioner‘s right to a fair trial. Security measures should have been
Nor was this shackling justified because the jury would later hear testimony that defendant was incarcerated. Thе fact of his incarceration did not imply that he was violent and had to be restrained in the jury‘s presence. Moreover, after Streater testified he had frequently spoken with petitioner while in prison, the judge instructed the jury that “there is no testimony before you that this defendant has committed any other offenses or was incarcerated ... and you‘re not going to take into consideration the fact that the alleged conversation took place at Yardville,” and struck from the record the testimony regarding where the conversation took place. It was inconsistent for the trial judge tо deem petitioner‘s restraints not prejudicial because the jury “knew” he was imprisoned anyway, while instructing the jury to disregard any testimony indicating his incarceration.
It makes no difference whether the jury sаw petitioner in shackles on one, two or all three days of the trial. Indeed, if he was unshackled in their presence during the first two days of trial but was handcuffed on the last day, the jury could understandably conсlude that petitioner had committed some act which demonstrated him to be either violent or at least potentially violent.
A defendant‘s freedom from handcuffs or shackles is important to his right to а fair and impartial trial. State v. Jones, 130 N.J. Super. 596, 599, 328 A.2d 41 (Law Div. 1974).
Not only is it possible that the sight of shackles and gags might have a significant effect on the jury‘s feelings about the defendant, but the use of this technique is itself something of an affront to the very dignity and decorum of judicial proceedings that the judge is seeking to uphold.
[Illinois v. Allen, 397 U.S. 337, 344, 90 S.Ct. 1057, 1061, 25 L.Ed.2d 353, 359 (1970).]
One of the reasons for not keeping a defendant restrained is “to avoid a prejudice in the mind of the jury against the acсused as being a dangerous man....” State v. Jones, supra, 130 N.J. Super. at 599, 328 A.2d 41.
This casе does not involve a matter of inadvertence easily correctable by a cautionary instruction. State v. Sykes, 93 N.J. Super. 90, 94-95, 225 A.2d 16 (App.Div. 1966) (defendant was not denied a fair trial where the judge gave a cautionary instruction to thе jury after the jurors saw petitioner in handcuffs in the public corridors on the courthouse). Here, the display of petitioner in handcuffs in the jury‘s presence was not inadvertent, and no cautionary instruction was given to the jury to give such restraint no consideration during its deliberations.
Petitioner has established his right to post-conviction relief, a new trial, by a preponderance of credible evidence. State v. Preciose, supra, 129 N.J. at 459, 609 A.2d 1280. We reject the State‘s claim that the abundance of evidence against petitioner brings into play the harmless error doctrine.
Reversed and remanded for a new trial.