Lead Opinion
delivered the opinion of the court.
Dеfendant was convicted of the crime of arson.. He specifies as error, among other things, that the evidence is insufficient to support the verdict and that the verdict is contrary to the law. It is the well settled rule of this court that the verdict will not be disturbed if supported by substantial evidence. (See cases cited in 4 Montana Digest, Criminal Law, Key No. 1159.)
The defendant owned a farm upon which were located certain buildings. All of these buildings were insured against fire prior to July 18, 1941. On that date the buildings were burned. The conviction must rest largely upon the testimony of Lester D. Lamb, an employee of the defendant who was staying on the farm with the defendant on the date of the fire. The testimony is that he and thе defendant planned the fire and that he proceeded methodically to carry out that plan. The testimony of this witness, if believed, was more than ample to establish the guilt of the defendant. This evidence, however, comes from the lips of the confessed accomplice. By section 11988, Revised Codes 1935, we are directed that a conviction may not be had upon the uncorroborated testimony of such person. The corrobоrating testimony must tend to connect the defendant with the commission of the crime, and it is not sufficient if it merely shows the commission of the offense or the circumstances thereof. (See. 11988, Rev. Codes 1935.)
The witness French testified that prior to the fire the defendant had offered him $50 to burn the buildings. The witness *241 Eoberts testified that defendant questioned him in detail as to the habits of one of defendant’s neighbors, John Miller. Miller was regularly employed in the city of Helena and defendаnt sought to obtain from Eoberts information as to what time Miller arose in the morning and when he returned. Miller’s place was so close to that of the defendant that he could see a fire or anything else unusual that might occur on dеfendant’s property.
The testimony of Lamb, corroborated, as it was, not only by the testimony above set out but by the physical facts and the behavior of the defendant, amply supported the verdict.
Error is specified on the remarks made by the district judge in the course of the trial. Upon the cross-examination of one of the state’s witnesses the court ruled upon an objection to certain testimony in these words: “Objection sustained. It is immaterial and repetitious.” No showing was made by offer of proof or otherwise that the testimony ruled upon was material or that it was not repetitious. The burden was upon the defendant to make that showing so that the trial court could have an opportunity to correct its error, if any were made. We cannot say from the record presented that the ruling of the court was error.
The other remark made by the trial judge to which objection was made wаs as follows: “The court: We have treated about generators, automobiles and wires, and every one that lived in Basin and vicinity, but we are not trying this law suit. We are going to get through this case before Christmas. Objection sustained.” The objection was made while defendant’s attorney was cross-examining the witness French, endeavoring to show animosity between the witness and the defendant. After the ruling of the court, defendant’s counsel stated that his purpose in asking the quеstion to which the objection was sustained was to lay a foundation for showing the existence of animosity on the part of the witness toward the defendant. The court informing him that he had done so, defendant’s counsel acquiesced with these words, “all right, with the understanding that I have laid a foundation for future evidence.” The case of
*242
.State
v.
Davis,
(Mo. Sup.),
Error is specified on the court’s refusal to permit the introduction of testimony showing that defendant bought in.suranee on his buildings only after solicitation on the part of an insurance salesman. This testimony could only have served to show that the defendant, at the time he purсhased the insurance, did not have any notion of burning the buildings in order to collect the insurance money. The testimony contained in the offer of proof was admissible, but it had already been admitted by the state through its witness, the insurancе salesman, that the salesman had solicited the insurance business from the ■defendant, and not vice versa. The court has definite latitude in expediting the trial. It can prevent cumulative and repetitious testimony from delaying it. There was not error in excluding the testimony.
Error is specified on the admission of certain testimony as to conversations held between the witnesses on the stand and one of the defendant’s witnesses, it being objected to as hearsаy as not having been in the presence of the defendant. This testimony was elicited for impeachment of the defendant’s witness only and was properly admissible.
Error is specified on the giving of certain instructions by the court. The first instruction is as follows:
“You are instructed that altho you may sympathize with ■those who suffer or may suffer, as a result of this trial, yet as men and women, bound by your oath, to administer justice according to the law and the evidence, you should not аct *243 upon yonr sympathies or prejudices, if any, for or against the defendant or any other person, or persons, in deciding this, case.
“No question of mercy, sympathy, sentiment or anything-else should reside with you in arriving at your verdict, еxcept, the question of whether or not you believe from all the evidence beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant is guilty as-charged.”
In defendant’s view, this instruction is tantamount to advising the jury that the defendant was guilty. He basеs this conclusion upon the fact that there was no evidence tending to create any sympathy in the case. Defendant cites a number of cases dealing with instructions similar to this where the court held that the particular instruсtion assumed that the-defendant was guilty. We cannot so read the instruction here-given. The last words of the instruction clearly negative any suggestion that the court considered the defendant guilty but clearly left the determination of thаt fact to the jury. Sympathy might be aroused in the jury without any testimony tending to-create it, by the appearance of the defendant or by any one of a number of things occurring at the trial. While there may be a question concerning the necessity or the desirability of an instruction such as this in every case, under the circumstances here it certainly was not prejudicial.
The last portion of the instruction on reasonable doubt reads as follows: “A doubt produced by undue sensibility in the mind of any juror in view of the consequences of his verdict, is not a reasonable one, and a juror is not allowed to create sources or materials of doubt by resorting to trivial and fanciful suppositions and remote conjectures as to a possible state of facts differing from that established by the evidence; you are not at liberty to disbelieve as jurors if you believe as men; your oath imposes upon you no obligаtion to doubt where no doubt would exist if no oath had been administered. ’ ’
The purpose of this instruction apparently was to distinguish between a reasonable doubt and trivial or fanciful ones. The
*244
.court in this case has attempted a further definition of the term “reasonable doubt” than is found in the stock instructions. We do not think that these stock instructions, tested over the years as they have been, need any elaboration. (See Underhill on Criminal Evidence, 4th Ed., p. 26; Nоte
Defendant urges that the latter portion of the quoted part of the instruction would lead the jury to believe that it could base its verdict on something else besides the evidence. The .cаses cited in support of that view are found in the recent case of
State
v.
Wong Sun, ante
p. 185,
Finally defendant specifies error on the action of the trial court in denying his motion and supplemental motion for a new trial. The application sets out certain statements of the witness Lamb which he was alleged to have made after the trial. The following statements are said to have been made by the witness, speaking to a third person: “Well, you thought you were pretty smart to go over and testify against us. But it didn’t do yоu any good, we got him anyway. [Apparently referring to defendant.] We had that all fixed up.” And further: “Red and I, we got him where we want him.” Defendant relies on what is said in
State
v.
Hamilton,
The alleged statements of the witness do not show perjury nor even tend to show perjury. The most that can be said of them is that they tend to show malice on the part of the witness toward *245 the defendant, and they do not bring the ease within the rule of State v. Hamilton above. No error was committed in refusing to grant a new trial.
The judgment is affirmed.
Addendum
On Motion for Rehearing.
For the first time, in the petition for rehearing, defendant urges that the cross-examination of Strait was improper when he was quеstioned concerning statements which he, Strait, had made to the witness Roberts and that in asking these questions the state made Strait its witness because the questions propounded to him, it is argued, are not within the scope of proрer cross-examination. No objection was made by the defendant to these questions on any grounds. To carry the matter a step further, the defendant now argues that since, in his view, this testimony by Strait was as a witness for the state, the testimony of Roberts, which we held proper for the purpose of impeachment, was not properly admissible since a party cannot impeach his own witness.
(State
v.
Smith,
The petition for rehearing is denied.