This appeal presents four questions:
(1) When a defendant has been found guilty of committing both rape and armed robbery, may he be committed to the department of public welfare as a sex deviate for specialized treatment under sec. 959.15, Stats., and at the same time be sentenced to an indeterminate term of not more than twenty years on the armed robbery charge, said sentence to be served concurrently with the sex deviate commitment;
(2) was the evidence believed and rationally considered by the jury sufficient to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt;
(3) did grounds exist for granting a new trial either on the basis of alleged newly discovered evidence or on *270 the basis of possible alleged failure of prosecutor to notify defense of exculpatory material or in the interest of justice ; and
(4) was the defendant adequately represented by counsel during the trial?
The Sentence for Armed Robbery.
The defendant contends that once the public welfare department recommended specialized treatment for the defendant the court was powerless to sentence him to the state prison on another charge. The defendant then cites several cases which hold that once the report recommending specialized treatment is before the court, the court has no alternative but to place the defendant on probation with the condition that he receive treatment or to commit him to the department of public welfare.
State v. Sorenson
(1966),
The defendant also complains that he should have been granted a hearing on the question of whether the robbery was sexually motivated or alternatively that the letter of the department expressing the opinion that the robbery was sexually motivated required commitment under sec. 959.15 (2) and (6), Stats. The hearing on whether a crime is sexually motivated is clearly within the discretion of the trial court. Sec. 959.15 (2). It cannot be said that the court abused its discretion under the facts here. Defendant was in the process of having intercourse with the prosecutrix when the breadman, Mr. Traas, began to pound on the door to the grill in an attempt to gain entry to deliver his bread. Defendant then stopped the act of intercourse and took money from the cash register and from prosecutrix’s wallet. The letter from the department has no force because the trial court never recommended commitment to the department for a presentence examination on the robbery charge; and it is doubtful whether the letter is the kind of recommendation by the department which the statute contemplates.
Sufficiency of the. Evidence.
Defendant claims the evidence was insufficient to identify him as the person who committed the offenses and also that it was insufficient to prove one of the elements of rape, namely, utmost resistance on the part of the woman.
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When the question of the sufficiency of the evidence is presented on appeal in a criminal case, the only question for this court is whether the evidence adduced, believed, and rationally considered by the jury, was sufficient to prove the defendant’s guilt beyond a reasonable doubt.
Lock v. State
(1966),
“. . . The test is not whether this court is convinced of the guilt of the defendant beyond a reasonable doubt but whether this court can conclude the trier of the facts could, acting reasonably, be convinced to the required degree of certitude by the evidence which it had a right to believe and accept as true.
“The sufficiency test is often stated in terms of burden of proof, but it is not unusual to state the test in terms of quantity of the evidence. See State ex rel. Isham v. Mullally (1961), 15 Wis. (2d) 249,112 N. W. (2d) 701 . Stating the rule conversely for the sake of clarity, the evidence when considered most favorably to the state and the conviction must be so insufficient in probative value and force that it can be said as a matter of law that no trier of the facts acting reasonably could be convinced to that degree of certitude which the law defines as ‘beyond a reasonable doubt.’ ”
The defendant complains that the identification of him by the prosecutrix, Jeanette Loretta Anderson, and that of the bread deliveryman, Harold C. Traas, are “marred by defects as would cause them to be insufficient to convict this defendant.”
The first “defect” defendant complains of is prose-cutrix’s denial that the coat worn by her assailant was made of a leather-type material, when the composite police description apparently based on information given to the police by prosecutrix and other witnesses on the *273 day on which the attack occurred indicates the assailant was wearing a three-quarter length leather-type coat. The composite police description was never offered into evidence, however. Its only appearance in the case was during the absence of the jury when defense counsel was attempting to determine whether he had grounds for impeachment of the prosecutrix. Thus the alleged inconsistency does not exist. Defendant makes no reference in his brief as to where the composite police description was mentioned, and the only reference to it is on pages 133 and 134 of the record where Mr. De Brozzo refers to a “document” which is “a composite description given by other witnesses.” These remarks were not made in the presence of the jury.
The next “defect” defendant complains of is Mrs. Anderson’s testimony that she noticed no outstanding features or scars about her assailant’s face when at the trial she testified she was able to see several scars on defendant’s face. This is a matter of credibility, and the jury may have considered the scars as not prominent or may have considered her testimony together with that of Mr. Traas as overwhelming evidence that defendant was the assailant or may simply have noted the inconsistency without considering it substantial enough to raise a reasonable doubt of defendant’s guilt, perhaps because of prosecutrix’s state of mind during the attack. The credibility of witnesses is peculiarly for the trier of fact to determine.
State v. Cohen
(1966),
Defendant next complains that the identification of him in a police lineup by prosecutrix and Mr. Traas, the bread deliveryman, was mistaken and that the wide diversity
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of appearance of the men in the lineup, defendant being the only person in the lineup generally resembling the assailant, caused the mistake. This contention is not the same one passed upon by the United States Supreme Court in
United States v. Wade
(1967),
The defendant also testified that the appearance of the three other men who appeared in the lineup at which Mrs. Anderson identified him as her assailant was dissimilar to him. And also, he testified that the two other men who appeared in the room with him when Mr. Traas identified him were darker in complexion than he was.
The thrust of defendant’s argument is that the lineup in both cases contained only one person, the defendant, whose appearance in any way resembled the assailant, and that the resultant identification of the defendant as the assailant is devoid of credibility. But it is difficult to see how under the present facts this court can state as a matter of law that the testimony affecting the credibility of the identifications must have raised a reasonable doubt in the minds of the jury as to the identification of the defendant as the assailant. The identifications of both Mrs. Anderson and Mr. Traas at the trial were unequivocal ; they occurred as the result of separate lineups. The day before she identified him, Mrs. Anderson characterized a picture of the defendant as more like the *276 assailant than any she had seen. The testimony concerning the dissimilarity in appearance goes to the credibility of the witnesses.
The question of whether the showing of photographs prior to the identifications was prejudicial was not raised, but the record is barren of any indication that the defendant’s picture was shown in such a manner that the impression was given that he was the assailant. In any event, this question would be for the trier of fact.
Brown v. State
(1965),
In
Guilbeau v. State
(1966),
After the first group of pictures was shown, additional investigation revealed that at the time of the alleged robbery, the defendant appeared just as described by her; so the second group, including a recent photograph of defendant, was shown to her and she immediately identified him. The defendant contended the complaining witness was shown a photograph of defendant later at the jail, prior to identifying him in the lineup. The court stated at page 344:
“It is not clear from the record that Mrs. Spencer was shown a photograph at the jail, and if she was, it is not clear that it was prior to the identification. In any event, her identification of defendant at the trial was unequivocal and her explanation of the identification procedure used was a matter of credibility for the jury.”
Here the identifications by both Mr. Traas and Mrs. Anderson v/ere positive and unequivocal. They both had ample time to view the assailant. The testimony as to the dissimilarity of the others in the lineup went merely to credibility and the jury’s verdict can be sustained. There are no Wisconsin cases on the point of police lineup practices, but there are cases in other jurisdictions which *277 hold that identifications made at police lineups are admissible into evidence. 1
Defendant next claims his alibi, corroborated and unimpeached, was sufficiently established as a matter of law to raise a reasonable doubt of defendant’s guilt. In
State v. Stevens, supra,
an alibi was presented as a defense and the court held the credibility of alibi witnesses and the weight accorded to their testimony is properly a function of the jury. In
State v. Grahn
(1963),
“ ‘The defense of an alibi, if sufficiently established to raise a reasonable doubt in the minds of the jury, is a good defense. However, owing to the ease with which persons may be mistaken in dates long after the occurrence of a particular event, the ease with which an alibi may be made, and the difficulty of proving to the contrary, courts have not generally considered evidence of an alibi a conclusive defense. It is merely evidence to be weighed by the jury.’ State ex rel. Dewey v. Kibbe (1925),186 Wis. 210 , 212,202 N. W. 333 .”
Here though the alibi testimony was not inherently incredible, it was contradicted by two positive identifications of the defendant as the assailant and the jury was free to assign credibility to the identifying witnesses rather than to the alibi witnesses.
Defendant’s final contention as to the sufficiency of the evidence is that it is insufficient to show that the prosecutrix used her utmost resistance to prevent the act of intercourse. Defendant cites the testimony of the prosecutrix that she and her husband had a discussion to the effect that it was better to cooperate with an at
*278
tacker than to risk one’s life. The argument is that prosecutrix made a predetermination to offer no resistance and that this predetermination had nothing to do with fear for her life or of great bodily harm. However, by that very testimony, prosecutrix indicated that if she were attacked she would do nothing to resist
out of
a fear for her life. While this testimony alone would not be sufficient to show that she offered no active resistance due to her fear, it does not affirmatively indicate that she failed to resist for other motives. The physical resistance requirement of rape is relative.
McLain v. State
(1914),
Newly Discovered Evidence.
On February 26, 1966, counsel for defendant interviewed several witnesses at the Mackie Building where the alleged incident occurred, including the janitor who saw Mrs. Anderson and her assailant at several times while the assailant was attempting to get out of the building. The janitor told defense counsel that he and other witnesses who were at the main entrance to the building when the assailant was with Mrs. Anderson viewed the defendant at the county jail and were sure he was not the man they had seen with Mrs. Anderson. February 26, 1966, was a Saturday. The record indicates that the testimony had been closed Friday afternoon, February 25th. Arguments to the jury and the court’s *279 charge to the jury were held on Monday, February 28th. The matter of these witnesses was not brought to the attention of the trial court until March 4, 1966, after the jury had returned its verdict.
The rules governing granting a new trial on the basis of newly discovered evidence in a criminal case are the same as in a civil case. In Lock v. State, supra, at page 117, the requirements are enumerated:
“. . . (1) The evidence must have come to the moving party’s knowledge after a trial; (2) the moving party must not have been negligent in seeking to discover it; (3) the evidence must be material to the issue; (4) the testimony must not be merely cumulative to the testimony which was introduced at the trial, and (5) it must be reasonably probable that a different result would be reached on a new trial.”
The defendant here fails on at least two grounds, namely, that the evidence must have come to the moving party’s knowledge after the trial and that it must be reasonably probable that a different result would be reached on a new trial. It is problematic at best that the jury would have accorded more weight to the testimony of the janitor and others who saw the assailant at the entrance to the building than it would have to the testimony of the prose-cutrix and Mr. Traas.
In connection with the janitor’s possible testimony, appellant states in his brief:
“. . . The inability of this witness to identify the defendant as the assailant, as well as the possibility that other witnesses also failed to so identify, was undoubtedly known to the prosecutor through his access to police reports. This information, however, was not available to the defendant or his counsel prior to trial. The defendant had no way of knowing of the existence of these witnesses and therefore, was unable to produce them in his behalf at the trial.”
The state’s brief considers the question of wrongful suppression of evidence has been raised, apparently by
*280
the above-quoted paragraph; for appellant’s brief nowhere specifically raises the issue. No evidence was suggested to the effect that the state knew of the certainty of the janitor and other witnesses that the defendant was not the offender, nor did the state attempt to hide their existence at the trial, but rather elicited testimony about these witnesses from Mrs. Anderson on direct examination. Thus, no suppression in fact occurred. The situation here is similar to that in
State v. Cathey
(1966),
Incompetence of Counsel.
Defendant complains that at the time of trial and sentencing he was not adequately represented by counsel. The acts he complains of are the failure of counsel, through his own admitted lack of diligence, to object to the acts of the police in placing the defendant in a lineup and forcing him to make certain statements which were allegedly made during the commission of the crimes for which he was charged, for the purpose of voice identification and that the inadequacy of counsel forced him to appear at the sentencing without counsel and to handle the motions concerning commitment under the Sex Deviate Law himself.
The rule has frequently been stated that unless representation of counsel is so inadequate and of such low
*281
competency as to amount to no representation, a new trial cannot be granted on that ground.
State v. Cathey, supra,
at page 87;
Eskra v. State
(1965),
Defendant’s final contention is that the commitment to the department of public welfare on the rape conviction was error because he was denied a hearing on the issue of the need for specialized treatment for his mental aberrations.
Huebner v. State
(1967),
The fact that defendant was able to preserve his right to a hearing on the issue of need for specialized treatment negates the second ground on which he alleged that his trial counsel was inadequate, for the inadequacy of counsel did not prevent him from exercising his rights as to a hearing on the issue of need for specialized treatment *282 at his sentencing. The state has conceded his right to such a hearing.
By the Court. — Judgment of conviction is affirmed and commitment to the department of public welfare for specialized treatment is vacated. The case is remanded for a hearing on the presentence report in accordance with the decision in Huebner v. State, supra.
Notes
State v. Dutton
(1957),