STATE OF OHIO, Plaintiff-Appellee, vs. RALPH CARUSONE, Defendant-Appellant.
APPEAL NO. C-130003; TRIAL NO. B-0606586
IN THE COURT OF APPEALS FIRST APPELLATE DISTRICT OF OHIO HAMILTON COUNTY, OHIO
November 15, 2013
[Cite as State v. Carusone, 2013-Ohio-5034.]
Judgment Appealed From Is: Reversed and Cause Remanded
Date of Judgment Entry on Appeal: November 15, 2013
Joseph T. Deters, Hamilton County Prosecuting Attorney, and Philip R. Cummings, Assistant Prosecuting Attorney, for Plaintiff-Appellee,
William Gallagher, for Defendant-Appellant.
Please note: we have removed this case from the accelerated calendar.
OPINION.
{¶1} Defendant-appellant Ralph Carusone appeals the Hamilton County Common Pleas Court‘s judgment overruling his
{¶2} Carusone was convicted in 2007 upon a jury verdict finding him guilty of felony murder in violation of
{¶3} In 2012, he moved under
The Trial
{¶4} Carusone was charged with both purposeful murder and felony murder in connection with the death of Derek Rininger following a physical altercation between the two outside Rininger‘s home. The jury acquitted Carusone of purposeful murder, but found him guilty of felony murder with felonious assault as the predicate offense.
{¶5} The events preceding Rininger‘s death were established through the testimony of Carusone‘s friend and the mother of Rininger‘s children, Jennifer Kron;
{¶6} Kron and Scalf testified that, a few days before the altercation, Rininger had come to their house and had stolen $500 from Scalf. In the hours preceding the altercation, Rininger made several telephone calls to the house, during which he argued with Scalf about the money and with Carusone about being with “[his] girl,” Kron. Ultimately, at Rininger‘s invitation, Kron, with Carusone in the passenger seat and Scalf in the backseat, drove to Rininger‘s house to recover what remained of Scalf‘s money.
{¶7} As Kron pulled into a gravel lot across from Rininger‘s house, Rininger ran from his house directly to the passenger side of the car and took a swing at Carusone, either through the open car window (as Scalf testified) or as Carusone got out of the car (as Kron testified). After a brief exchange of blows, Carusone returned to the car, and Rininger ran to the driver‘s side of the car and reached through the open window for the car keys. With Kron between them, Carusone and Rininger again struggled until Kron put the car in gear and drove away.
{¶8} Both men were bloody after their initial encounter. Neither Kron nor Scalf had seen a weapon in either man‘s hands. But Jacob Carroll testified that Carusone had, the night before, shown him a Smith and Wesson pocket knife with a six-inch blade that Carusone had carried on his belt. And at the hospital, a pocket knife bearing traces of Rininger‘s blood was recovered from the pocket of Rininger‘s bloody shorts.
{¶9} Rininger‘s “yelling” and Kron‘s “screaming” had attracted the attention of Rininger‘s next-door neighbor. The neighbor testified that she had observed two
{¶10} The neighbor “thought” that Rininger had then “run[] toward the woods.” But a police officer, responding to Rininger‘s 911 call reporting that he had “just got stabbed,” found him next to the front porch, barely conscious, with a cell phone in one hand and a blood-soaked bath towel held to his abdomen with the other hand.
{¶11} The officer summoned emergency-medical personnel. A member of that crew testified that he had observed “severe bleeding” from stab wounds to both the left inner arm and the chest, a weak pulse, and very shallow respirations, and that Rininger had not been responsive to either verbal or painful stimuli. Rininger went into cardiac arrest in the ambulance on the way to the hospital, where efforts to resuscitate him proved futile.
{¶12} Meanwhile, Kron had dropped Carusone off at a friend‘s house. Jacob Carroll testified that he had been present when Carusone arrived. According to Carroll, Carusone appeared “distraught, wired,” but would not say why, until Carroll asked about burnt clothing that he had seen on the back patio, and Carusone replied, “I took care of business. I shanked him once.”
{¶13} After leaving Carusone, Kron changed out of her blood-soaked pants, and she and Scalf tried to clean blood from the car. Rininger‘s neighbor had directed the police to Kron, and they were there waiting when Kron and Scalf returned home. Kron directed the police to Carusone.
{¶15} The defense adduced expert opinion testimony attributing Rininger‘s “turbulent” behavior to his recent ingestion of the alcohol and drugs. But the deputy coroner insisted that those substances had not contributed to Rininger‘s death. In his opinion, Rininger had instead “died as a result of a stab wound to the chest,” administered with “[a] significant amount of force” to pass through the skin, the soft tissues of the chest, the cartilage of the lower rib cage, the pericardium, and then the heart.
The Motion
{¶16} Carusone sought by his motion leave to file a motion for a new trial on the ground of newly discovered evidence.
{¶17} In support of his
{¶18} Hospital report. The state had disclosed to the defense in discovery three pages of the report detailing Rininger‘s treatment at the hospital. The deputy coroner relied on the disclosed hospital records to arrive at his opinion that Rininger had died as a consequence of a stab wound to the heart.
{¶19} After Carusone was convicted, his mother obtained and reviewed the case file and the evidence adduced at trial, researched the medical evidence, and made public-records requests. Her review and research led her to the hospital that had treated Rininger. She there learned of the existence of, and was provided with a copy of, the complete, eight-page hospital report. The five pages of the hospital report that had not been disclosed in discovery included an x-ray report and a summary prepared by the emergency-room physician several days after Rininger‘s autopsy.
{¶20} Carusone‘s mother then engaged the services of pathology expert Thomas W. Young, M.D. Dr. Young‘s review of all the evidence, including the treatment outlined in the undisclosed portions of the hospital report, led him to
{¶21} Evidence probative of witnesses’ credibility or truthfulness. Carusone also supported his motion with the newly discovered evidence contained in the complete emergency-medical “run report,” the enhanced 911 call, and affidavits concerning Jacob Carroll. This evidence, Carusone insisted, when viewed in light of the newly discovered medical evidence contained in the complete hospital report, demonstrates that the testimony of key state‘s witnesses was misleading or false.
{¶22} The state had disclosed in discovery only the 8 1/2- by 11-inch views of the two-page 8 1/2- by 14-inch run-report form. Carusone‘s mother obtained the complete 8 1/2- by 14-inch form through a public-records request, which she pursued first, and unsuccessfully, by herself and then through counsel retained in 2012.
{¶23} At trial, the state had presented the testimony of only one member of the emergency-medical crew that had treated Rininger. The crew member testified that he had observed severe bleeding from deep stab wounds to both Rininger‘s arm and his
{¶24} Rininger‘s 911 call, also obtained through a public-records request, was enhanced in 2012 to filter out background noise. The enhanced recording suggests that Rininger‘s brother had been present when the police officer found Rininger. Carusone argued in his motion that this evidence, along with the newly discovered medical evidence, undermines the credibility of Rininger‘s brother, who testified at trial that he had arrived at the house after the ambulance had gone, and the credibility of the police officer, who testified that, when he found Rininger, no one else had been present who could have contaminated the crime scene.
{¶25} With respect to state‘s witness Jacob Carroll, Carusone‘s mother stated in her affidavit that she had learned in 2008 that Carroll could not remember testifying at her son‘s trial. After “many attempts to locate and speak to [him],” she finally located Carroll and met with him in 2010. Carroll agreed then to give an affidavit, but did not, and Carusone‘s mother thereafter “lost contact with [him] for a significant period of time.”
{¶27} Carroll later resurfaced, and in January 2012, he gave an affidavit. He averred that he had been a long-term substance abuser and had been on a three-day drug-and-alcohol binge on the night that Rininger died. Carroll confirmed Armstrong‘s statement that he had arrived at her house after Carusone. He stated that he had been aware of a fight at Rininger‘s house, and that he had observed that Carusone was “distraught.” But Carroll did not discuss the fight with Carusone, nor did he hear Carusone say that he “took care of business” or that he “shanked” someone.
{¶28} Carroll also recanted his testimony that Carusone had shown him a Smith and Wesson knife with a six-inch blade. Carusone‘s mother had learned that Smith and Wesson had never made such a knife. And Carroll stated in his affidavit that while he had seen Carusone with a pocket knife, the knife did not have a six-inch blade, but instead resembled the knife that Carusone‘s mother had later shown him, which had a two-and-a-half-inch blade.
{¶29} Carroll further averred that he had “little memory” of talking to the police the next day and “no memory” of what he had told them, because he had still
{¶30} Trial strategy. Finally, Carusone‘s trial counsel asserted in his affidavit that he would have pursued a different strategy had he been privy to the newly discovered evidence. He would have, he insisted, used that evidence to challenge the deputy coroner‘s autopsy findings and opinion concerning the cause of death and to challenge the credibility of Jacob Carroll. And he would not have counseled Carusone, who had been “adamant that he wanted to testify about the fight and that he did not have [a six-inch] knife,” not to testify.
Abuse of Discretion in Denying Leave without a Hearing
{¶31}
{¶32} In seeking leave, the movant bears the burden of proving by clear and convincing evidence that he was unavoidably prevented from timely discovering, and from timely presenting in a new-trial motion, the evidence upon which his new-trial motion depends. See
{¶33}
{¶34} In the proceedings below, the common pleas court denied Carusone‘s motion for leave following the arguments of counsel. Based on the record before us, we conclude that Carusone established, at the very least, an entitlement to an evidentiary hearing on his motion, and that the common pleas court, in failing to conduct such a hearing, abused its discretion.
{¶35} Carusone sought a new trial on the ground that newly discovered evidence demonstrated that he is actually innocent of felony murder and that he had been denied a fair trial by the state‘s violation of its duty to disclose that evidence in discovery. The alleged fair-trial violation also underlay his assertion, in support of
{¶36} The fair-trial guarantee of the Due Process Clause of the Fourteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution imposes upon the state a duty to disclose to a criminal accused evidence material to his guilt or innocence. See Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 87, 83 S.Ct. 1194, 10 L.Ed.2d 215 (1963). Evidence is “material” if there is a “reasonable probability” that its disclosure would have changed the outcome of the trial. United States v. Bagley, 473 U.S. 667, 682, 105 S.Ct. 3375, 87 L.Ed.2d 481 (1985). In this context, the determination of this probability entails an inquiry into not whether a trial with the undisclosed evidence would have yielded a different verdict, but whether the evidence, “considered collectively,” “could reasonably be taken to put the whole case in such a different light as to undermine confidence in the verdict.” Kyles v. Whitley, 514 U.S. 419, 434-436, 115 S.Ct. 1555, 131 L.Ed.2d 490 (1995); accord State v. Ketterer, 126 Ohio St.3d 448, 2010-Ohio-3831, 935 N.E.2d 9, ¶ 23-24; State v. Hughbanks, 1st Dist. No. C-010372, 2003-Ohio-187, ¶ 57.
{¶37} Carusone supported his motion for leave with evidence that the state had failed to disclose to the defense in discovery the complete hospital report and the complete emergency-medical run report. The undisclosed evidence contained in those reports, along with other newly discovered evidence, served to undermine the credibility of the state‘s key witnesses and provided the fundament for the pathology expert‘s opinion that Rininger had not died from a stab wound to the heart, but had died of “cardiac arrest brought by the combined effects of multiple drugs and alcohol and by heavy stress and exertion following a physical confrontation.” Therefore, the
{¶38} Carusone also supported his motion with evidence demonstrating that the state‘s violation of its duty to disclose material evidence had effectively precluded him from learning of the existence of that evidence and of the proposed grounds for a new trial until his mother‘s diligent posttrial investigation uncovered the evidence and expert analysis revealed its significance. Thus, the motion, on its face, showed that Carusone had been unavoidably prevented from timely discovering, and from timely presenting in a new-trial motion, evidence material to his actual-innocence and fair-trial claims. Therefore, Carusone demonstrated an entitlement to a hearing on the motion.
{¶39} Because Carusone was entitled to a hearing, the common pleas court‘s denial of leave to file a new-trial motion without a hearing cannot be said to have been based on a sound reasoning process. We, therefore, hold that the common pleas court abused its discretion in summarily overruling Carusone‘s
Judgment reversed and cause remanded.
CUNNINGHAM and FISCHER, JJ., concur.
Please note:
The court has recorded its own entry on the date of the release of this opinion.