delivered the opinion of the court.
The defendant was indicted for killing Geo. Wecker, and was convicted of murder in the first degree. The evidence against him was mainly circumstantial, but it formed a chain which unquestionably supports the verdict, and as the facts were for the jury, we have only to see whether the court ruled correctly on points of law.
In the ease of the State vs. Igo, supra, Leonard, J., in delivering the opinion of the court, after referring to various cases holding that a separation of the jury will not render a verdict bad in the absence of misconduct, remarks: “This court has heretofore acted on the principle, and we are not disposed to depart from it. * * * Indeed, we think, no other rule could be adopted upon the subject consistent with a proper and efficient administration of the law. When the verdict is such as the court thinks ought to have been rendered upon the law and evidence, and no improper influence has been exerted in any manner over the jury, nor any just grounds for suspecting any such influence, it would seem to be but trifling with the administration of the criminal law of the land, to set aside a verdict upon the mere possibility that the-jury may have been improperly influenced.”
As the court- can set aside a verdict when it is contrary to either the law or the evidence, the rule established is certainly the best for the administration of criminal justice.
It is insisted that the court committed error in permitting one Phillips, who was deputy constable, and who had the prisoner in custody, to give evidence of certain statements made by the prisoner. But the evidence is positive and pointed that no threats or inducements whatever were made
On the trial the State offered in evidence the testimony of Wecker, the deceased, taken upon the preliminary examination before a magistrate. This was objected to because it was not signed by the witness. % ^
The objection was overruled and the testimony was admitted. The record shows that the witness’ name was signed to the evidence by another person, at witness’ request, he being too weak to sign the same. I am inclined to the opinion that this would be a sufficient signing. When a person is unable from any cause to write his own name, and requests another to do it for him, and in his stead, this is a signing by himself. The statute (2 Wagn. Stat., p. 1078) § 25) declares, that the evidence given by the several witnesses examined shall be reduced to writing by the magistrate, or under his direction, and be signed by the witnesses respectively. But this signing is to be done in the usual way. A manual signing by the witness himself is not an absolute requisite, when it is shown to be a physical impossibility. In case the witness does not know how to write, or his arm is disabled, or from any cause he does not possess the ability to perform the act, he may request another to do it for him, and that will be sufficient. That the evidence was admissible is conclusively established by the former decisions of this court. (State vs. McO’Blennis,
The certificate of the committing magistrate clearly shows that defendant was present when the examination was had
The counsel for the defendant objects to the action of the court, in giving the second instruction asked for by the State, and in refusing to give the third instruction presented by the defendant.
The second instruction given for the State, was as follows: "In considering what the defendant said after the fatal act, the jury must consider it all together. He is entitled to the benefit of what he said for himself, if true, as is the State to the benefit of anything he said against himself, in any conversation proved by the State. What he said against himself, the law presumes to be true, because against himself. But what he said for himself, the jury are not bound to believe because said in a conversation proved by the State. They may believe it or disbelieve it, as it may be shown to be true or false, by the evidence in the case.” This instruction, though somewhat amplified, is the same, in substance, as the one given in the case of Green vs. The State, (
The third instruction which, it is contended, the court erred in not giving for the defendant, told the jury that, “ all the facts established in evidence, must be consistent with the theory of defendant’s guilt, in order to conviction, and if they are not so, the jury must acquit.” The court had already instructed the jury, at defendant’s request, “ that, in order to convict the defendant upon circumstantial evidence alone, the circumstances tending to show his guilt, should be established beyond a rational doubt,by the evidence in the cause,and when established, should point so strongly to the guilt of the defendant as to exclude any other reasonable hypothesis.” After the giving of this instruction, we are unable to perceive any necessity, or even propriety, in giving the one refused. The one given was clear and explicit, and covered the whole law, and the one refused was entirely unnecessary.
A careful examination of the whole record, and of all the points raised, has fully convinced us that there is no error justifying an interfei-enee, on our part, with the judgment, and it must therefore, be affirmed;