State v. Brewer

114 Ark. 149 | Ark. | 1914

Lead Opinion

McCulloch, C. J.

In the indictment in this case the defendant is charged with soliciting an order from another person for intoxicating liquors in prohibition territory, and also with receiving such an order in prohibition territory and transmitting said order to a licensed liquor dealer at another place who accepted and filled the order.

The case was tried upon an agreed statement of facts before the court sitting as a jury, and the court found in favor of the defendant, and the State appealed.

The statute on which the indictment was based reads as follows:

‘ ‘ Sec. 1. It shall be unlawful for any liquor dealer, firm or corporation, engaged in the sale of intoxicating liquors in this State, to in any manner, through agents, circulars, posters or newspaper advertisements, solicit orders for such sales of intoxicating liquors in any territory in this State wherein it would be unlawful to grant a license to make such sales. Provided, that the term ‘newspaper advertisements,’ as used in this section, does nof refer to liquor advertisements in papers published within licensed territory, unless such papers are sent into prohibition territory by the saloon keeper, or their agents, for advertising purposes.
“Sec. 2. The presence of any such liquor dealer, firm or corporation, through agents or otherwise, in such prohibition territory, soliciting or receiving orders from any person therein, shall constitute a violation of this act, and on conviction thereof shall be fined not less than two hundred dollars, nor more than five hundred dollars, for each such offense. Provided, that the term ‘agent,’ under this section, shall mean any person who receives an order from another for intoxicating liquors in prohibition territory and transmits the same in person, by letter, telegraph or telephone, or in any other manner, to some dealer in intoxicating liquors who accepts and fills the same.” Act No. 135, of the Acts of 1907.

It was agreed that the defendant had received an order in prohibition territory for four quarts of whiskey; that he carried -that order, and money with which to pay for the whiskey, to a licensed dealer at Helena, Arkansas, and brought back the liquor and delivered it to the person who gave him the order in prohibition territory.

(1-2) The purpose of the statute is, primarily, to prevent licensed liquor dealers and their agents from soliciting orders for intoxicating liquors in prohibition territory, and from even accepting such orders when voluntarily tendered. In order to carry out that design, the Legislature doubtless deemed it necessary to put in a provision which would prevent evasions, and to do so, they declared that the terms agent “shall mean any person who receives an order from another for intoxicating liquors in prohibition territory, and transmits the siame in person, by letter, etc., * * * to some dealer in intoxicating liquors who accepts and fills the same.”

Now, it is not necessary, in order to convict a person under this statute, to show that he was, in fact, acting as agent of a liquor dealer when he solicited or received an order for intoxicating liquors, for the effect of the statute is to make it an offense for any person, whether, in fact, the agent of a dealer or not, to solicit orders in prohibition territory or to receive such orders and transmit the same. The mere solicitation of an order without the same being filled is sufficient to make out an offense, or where, as in this case, the order is not solicited, the mere acceptance and transmission of the order to any dealer is sufficient if the order is accepted by the dealer and filled.

(3-4) It is 'said that under the facts in this case, the defendant was merely acting for accommodation to the person who gave him the order, and was the agent of the purchaser, and not of the seller.

That, however, does not afford an avenne for escape from the terms of the statute, for it unmistakably declares that any person who receives an order and transmits it to a dealer who fills it is guilty of an offense.

The statute, in that view of it, is a very drastic one, but with the policy of it we have nothing to do. The Legislature has power to declare such an act .to be a criminal offense. This is manifestly what the Legislature meant by the language incorporated in the statute, and its drastic effect is not sufficient to lead us into a plain disregard •of the legislative mandate.

The decisions of this court in State v. Earles, 84 Ark. 479, and Van Valkinburgh v. State, 102 Ark. 16, clearly indicate this interpretation of the statute.

A similar thought was expressed by the Supreme Court of the United States in the case of New York ex rel. Silz v. Hesterberg, 211 U. S. 31, in passing upon the constitutionality of a New York statute for the protection ■of wild game in that State, and which made it a criminal •offense for any person to have possession of such game within the closed season. The court, speaking through Mr. Justice Day, said:

“It is contended, in this connection, that the protection of the game of the State does not require that a pen:alty be imposed for the possession out of season of imported game of the kind held by the relator. It is insisted that a method of inspection can be established which will distinguish the imported game from that of the domestic variety, and prevent confusion in its handling and selling. That such game can be distinguished •from domestic game has been disclosed in the record in this case, and it may be that such inspection laws would he all that would he required for the protebtion of domestic game. But, subject to constitutional limitations, the Legislature of the State is authorized to pass measures for the protection of the people of the State in the exercise of the police power, and is itself the judge of the necessity or expediency of the means adopted. In order fo protect local game during the closed season it has been found expedient to make possession of all such, game during tkat time, wketker taken witkin or witkout tke State, a misdemeanor.”

Tke statute was keld to ke valid.

Tke facts are undisputed tkat defendant received an order in prokikition territory, and, in person, transmitted it to a liquor dealer, wko filled tke order, and ke is guilty under tke statute quoted.

Tke indictment in tkis case ckarges kotk soliciting an order and receiving and transmitting suck order.

Tke two offenses, or, ratker, tke two metkods of committing tke same offense, skould kave keen incorporated in different counts of tke indictment, but no question was raised as to tke form of tke indictment.

(5) Tke evidence does not skow tkat tke defendant solicited tke order, bult, as before stated, it does skow tkat ke received tke order and transmitted it to a dealer wko filled it.

In tke Earles case, supra, we keld tkat tke indictment, wkick was similar to tké indictment in tkis case, ckarged tke defendant witk soliciting and transmitting tke order, but tkat tke evidence skowed tkat ke sold tke liquor, and tkat tkat constituted a variance, wkick prevented a conviction in tkat case. Tke facts in tkat case were tkat defendant, after .soliciting orders, purckased tke liquor in packages of five gallons from a distiller, and tken filled tke orders whick ke kad received, and tkat in tkat case ke was guilty of selling liquor, instead of receiving and transmitting tke orders. In otker words, tke facts in tkat case were tkat ke purckased tke liquor and resold it, and was guilty of a sale, and not of tke receiving and transmitting of tke order; wkereas, in tke present case, tke defendant did not purckase tke liquor and resell it in prokibition territory, but ke received an order in tkat territory and transmitted it, wkick made kim guilty under tke statute quoted.

Our conclusion is that the court erred in its finding, and the judgment is reversed and the cause- remanded for a new trial.

Smith, J., dissents.



Rehearing

ON REHEARING.

McCulloch, C. J.

It is urged that we erred in the assumption of fact that the defendant received and transmitted an “order” for whiskey. The recital of the agreed statement of facts is that at the time and place named, the defendant “was about to take a train to Helena, Ark., and that J ames Hobart approched him and requested that he purchase for him, the said James Hobart, in Helena, four quarts of whiskey, ’ ’ and the defendant went to Helena, purchased the whiskey from a licensed liquor dealer, and carried it back to Marianna and delivered it to Hobart.

(6) An order, speaking in commercial 'terminology, is merely a proposal or request, and that is the sense in which the word is used in the statute. One of the definitions given by Webster is: “A commission to purchase, sell or supply goods. ’ ’ The request of Hobart therefore amounted to an order. The statute does not require that the order be in writing. In fact, the language of the statute, read as a whole, excludes the idea that the order must be in writing before there can be a violation of law. Under any other interpretation of the word, the liquor dealer himself would not be guilty of any violation by receiving a verbal order for whiskey in prohibition territory. If the request to purchase liquor would not amount to an order within the meaning of the statute, then that clause of the statute is meaningless and without any force whatever, for the preceding clause makes it unlawful for one who is in fact the agent of a liquor dealer to solicit or receive an order in prohibition territory. The purpose of the statute is to prohibit subterfuge by declaring one who receives an order to be the agent of any dealer to whom the order may be transmitted. Thus the law of agency is changed by the statute and the statutory definition of tbe word “agent” is applied to tbe circumstances described.

We adhere to our former conclusion that tbe facts stated in tbe opinion make oút a case against tbe defendant for receiving an order in prohibition territory.

Rehearing is denied.