2 S.D. 384 | S.D. | 1891
This is a criminal proceeding, based upon an information filed in the county court of Minnehaha county, charging the jfiaintiff in error with the offense of keeping for sale intoxicating liquors as a beverage, in a certain frame, one story building on Eighth street in Sioux Palls, S. D. Upon this information the plaintiff m error was tried and found guilty, and was sentenced to 60 days imprisonment in the county jail, and to pay a fine of $100. Before the trial was had, the plaintiff in error moved to quash the information, because (1) that the law under which he was prosecuted is a violation of Articles 4, 6, and 14 of the amendment to the constitution of the United States; (2) that the information is not based upon sufficient testimony to meet the requirements of Section 9, Chapter 101, Sess. Laws 1890; (3) that the information is not properly verified, and is not sufficiently definite in alleging the
Our attention is first directed by the assignment of errors to the overruling of the motion to quash and the judgment of the court upon the demurrer. As both are based upon the same grounds, they may be considered together. The counsel for the plaintiff in error very wisely does not contend in his brief or argument that the court below erred in overruling his motion to quash and in not sustaining his demurrer on his first ground stated; that is that the law upon which the information is based is in violation of Articles 4, 6, and 14 of the amendments to the constitution of the United States. If it had been urged, it would have been untenable. The prohibition contained in the fourth and sixth clauses, as stated, is not a limitation upon the states, but exclusively upon federal power. This is so generally conceded that it is almost needless to cite authorities to sustain the proposition. We will, however, refer to the case of Barron v. City of Baltimore, 7 Pet. 243, arising as early as the year 1833. In that case the whole question was fully considered by Chief Justice Marshall, upon a writ of error to the court of appeals of the State of Maryland. The error alleged -was that the state court sustained the action of the defendant, under an act of the legislature whereby the property of the plaintiff was taken for public use, in violation of the fifth amendment to the constitution of the United States. The supreme court held that its jurisdiction did not extend to the case presented, and the chief justice says: “The question presented is, we think, of great importance, but not of much difficulty. * * * The constitution was ordained and established by the people of the United States for themselves, for their own government, and not for the government of the individual states. Each state established a constitution for itself, and in that constitution provided such limitations and restrictions on the powers of its particular government as its judgment die
Legislation similar to ours now under consideration has also been repeatedly held by the supreme court of the United States to be unobjectionable to fourteenth amendment to the constitution of the United States. In the case of Bartemeyer v. Iowa, 18 Wall. 129, it was said that, prior to the adoption of the fourteenth amendment, state enactments regulating or prohibiting the traffic in intoxicating liquors raised no question under the constitution of the United States; and that such legislation was left to the discretion of the respective states, subject to no other limitations than those imposed by their own constitutions, or by the general principles supposed to limit all legislative power. Referring to the
As to the objection that the information is not based upon sufficient testimony to meet the requirements of the law, inasmuch as the bill of exceptions does not contain the testimony taken before the state’s attorney before filing the information, this court has nothing before it upon which to base its judgment upon that point, but will presume that the state’s attorney had the testimony or information that was requisite to sustain his action.
That the information is not verified, and does not definitely allege the crime, is the ground for the third objection. The statute under which the information is filed requires the information or complaint to be verified by the state’s attorney
The form and substantial requisites of an information are not prescribed by any provision of our statutory law. The objection of the plaintiff in error that the information is not entitled in the court having authority to receive it, or in any court whatever, relates to the form, and not to the substance, of the information. Objections to the form'of the information, apparent upon its face, must have been taken by demurrer or a motion to quash, before the jury were sworn. By reference to the record it will be seen that this was not done. The caption to an information, or even to an indictment, may be amended, as it is really no essential part of either. Mr. Bishop in his work on Criminal Procedure, (Sections 661, 662,) says: ‘ ‘There are connected with the caption, in what may be termed the American sense, — in other words, the extended commencement, used instead of the English caption, — some questions which are a little difficult on the authorities, though clear enough when considered in the iight of principle. In manner of legal principle the extended commencement or caption is no part of the indictment as sworn to by a grand jury. It is a mere formal statement, which, though placed at the indictment, is still of no higher nature than is an entry on the docket made in court by the clerk, — a thing which, if erroneous, is subject, like a docket entry, to be corrected by an order of the judge, or, when it becomes transferred into the permanent records, to be amended to the same extent as any other part of the records.” There are a number of adjudicated cases which sustain the position of Mr. Bishop on this point. State v. Jenkins, (N. H.) 10 Atl. Rep. 699; State v. Jones, 9 N. J. Law, 357; Brown v. Com., 78 Pa. St. 122; State v. McCarty, 2 Pin. 513; State v. Gilbert, 13 Vt. 647; Allen v. State, 5 Wis. 329; U. S. v. Thompson, 6 McLean, 56. State v. Bennett, (Mo.
The information is attacked upon the further ground that it states no facts which constitute an offense. It alleges that, “it appearing from testimony taken at an examination held before me in Sioux Falls, Minnehaha county, on the 21st day of February, 1891, that the offense of keeping for sale intoxicating liquors as a beverage has been committed • by Thomas Brennan at a certain frame, one story building, with the word ‘restaurant’ painted on roof, situated east of Omaha railroad depot, first building on 8th street in said city of Sioux Falls; and it appearing that said defendant is the keeper of said place and has in his possession intoxicating liquors for sale as a beverage, contrary to the provisions of Chapter 101 of the laws of the State of South Dakota of the year 1890, * * * : Now, therefore, * * * I file this information and charge that the said Thomas Brennan, according to the best of my information and belief, is guilty of the offense of keeping intoxicating liquors * * * for sale as a beverage at the premises and in the place above described. * * *” By these extracts from the information it will be seen that the state’s attorney, from an examination of witnesses, found that on the 21st day of February, 1891, in Sioux Falls, the offense of keeping intoxi
The remaining assignment of error — for sustaining the demurrer because the warrant of arrest was not signed by the magistrate before whom the information was filed — will not be réviewed, because the warrant is not set out in the bill of exceptions, and we cannot say whether the alleged facts are true are not. The court made no error in overruling the motion to quash the information, nor in overruling the demurrer to it.
A new trial is also urged upon the ground of refusal of the court to strike out the testimony of witness Wells, «-who testified that he had bought whisky and beer of Mrs. Brennan, and because the prosecution failed to connect the defendant with the sale thus made. The bill of exceptions only purports to set out a part of the evidence. It nowhere states that it contains ail of the evidence taken at the trial. In the absence of such an averment, the appellate court may indulge any reasonable presumption that other evidence was given of a character to support the verdict. When a reversal of a cause is sought upon insufficiency or the admission of improper evidence the bill of exceptions must set out all of the evidence introduced at the trial, and this must be so certified; otherwise the court will not consider or decide any question which depends for its proper decision upon the evidence.
The defendant assigns as further error that Section 22 of the prohibition act, as far as it makes the having of a government license prima facie evidence of the illegal sale of liquors, is unconstitutional and void. At the trial an attempt was made upon the part of the prosecution to prove that the defendant had in his possession a government license for the sale of in
Objection is further made to the charge of the court to the jury that the court told it the defendant sold intoxicating liquors. A close examination of the whole charge will show that this was not the fact, but, on the contrary, the charge shows that the jury was instructed by the court that, if ‘ ‘it believed from the evidence which is introduced before you that the defendant kept this liquor for the purpose of sale, it is your duty to convict; - and for the purpose of showing that he kept the liquor for the purpose of sale you have a right to take into consideration the fact of liquors having been purchased from him', at that place.” There can be nothing wrong in this instruction, unless it should be in the latter clause. The defendant was being tried for the offense of keeping intoxicating liquors for sale as a beverage. Now, if it was shown that he had sold intoxicating liquors as a beverage at that place, and the fact being established that be had on hand intoxicating liquors, the presumption would naturally arise that he was keeping these liquors for the purpose of sale. And further on in the charge the court instructed the jury that, “if you find from the evidence that defendant did not keep such a place, and that he did not keep the liquor for sale, then you must acquit. This is a question of fact for you to determine. ” The charge was very full, and, taking it as a whole, it was unobjectionable. Upon a careful review of all the alleged tangible errors, assigned and unassigned, as disclosed by the record, we can find nothing that will warrant a reversal of the judgment in the court below. It is therefore affirmed.