130 N.W. 941 | N.D. | 1911
In the district court the defendant was adjudged to be the father of a certain bastard child, and, feeling aggrieved by such adjudication, he has appealed to this court.
His first contention is that there is no bastardy law in effect in this
The second grievance of the defendant relates to rulings of the trial court in admitting and excluding evidence. Most of those objections were aimed at leading questions asked by the state’s attorney when examining the complainant. The record discloses that she was unable to give her testimony in the English language, and was being examined, through an interpreter, relative to acts of illicit intercourse; she was but eighteen years of age, and had given birth to her first child but three weeks before the trial. We are not surprised that the state’s attorney was obliged to use leading questions. Under some circumstances leading questions are not only permissible, but proper, and a wide discretion is therefore vested in the trial judge. A careful examination of all of the questions objected to upon this ground satisfies us that the state’s attorney did not abuse his privilege, and the rulings >of the trial court in that respect were correct. During the said examination the state’s attorney asked the complainant the following question, “Did you say to Mrs. Brandner in her house, before Brandner •came in, that you had had intercourse with Mr. Brandner before Eebruary 10th?” (Objected to as leading, suggestive, calling for a •conclusion of witness and cross-examination qf his own witness.) Overruled. The defendant now says there is no legal justification for overruling this objection, that the hearsay character of the question is shown •on the face thereof. It will be noted that at the time the question was ■asked no objection was made on the ground that it was hearsay. This ■convinces us that the objecting counsel did not then notice the hearsay feature of the question, but discovered it after he had obtained the transcript of the evidence in the case. If the hearsay feature of the question was not prejudicial enough to attract his attention at the trial, he cannot expect us to notice it upon appeal. Objections to questions made at the trial should be taken with the idea of aiding the trial court, not in confusing him. Another question objected to was asked the defendant -upon cross-examination by the state’s attorney, as to whether or not he had been accused of the parentage of the child by the complainant’s parents. The state was trying to impeach the testimony of the •defendant at the time, and we think the question entirely proper. To
The third and fourth grounds relied upon by the defendant for a 'reversal is the giving of certain instructions to the jury by the trial .judge and his refusal to give certain requested instructions for the defendant. The instructions given and the requests made are too lengthy to be set forth in this opinion, especially as there is but one point involved. The defendant’s claim is stated by him in his brief as follows: “If this is a criminal proceeding, and the law properly embraced in the Code of Criminal Procedure, then there can be no doubt that these two requests should have been given. If the defendant was being proceeded against for a crime, under laws dealing with that subject, then, in spite of any statutory provision that the Code of Civil Procedure shall govern, the defendant had the constitutional right, which the legislature could not take away, to the benefit of the presumption of innocence.” “We do not contend that the proceeding is a criminal ■one. We have simply placed ourselves in the position that if the law be upheld, as pertaining to crime, then the instructions asked were proper, and those given relative to preponderance of evidence, erroneous. The legislature has no power to provide that a preponderance ¡of evidence shall be sufficient upon the trial of any criminal action or proceeding. Nothing short of proof beyond a reasonable doubt will ¡suffice, under our Constitution. These requests were made on the .theory that if the proceeding was authorized by law, at all, it was a ■criminal proceeding, necessarily, and the rules stated were the right -ones in such case.” In other words, the defendant contends that, if the law is constitutional, the trial should be governed by the rules governing a criminal trial. This contention is clearly wrong. Our Code ¡especially states that the trial shall be governed by the laws regulating ■civil actions. Section 9653, Revised Codes of North Dakota 1905. The defendant was not being prosecuted for a crime. A quasi criminal action had been brought against him to compel him to. aid in the support of a child alleged to be begotten by him, and the proceedings were .generally criminal, but the trial itself should be governed by the rules governing civil trials. The legislature has full power to make such
The fifth ground advanced by the defendant is that the evidence was-not sufficient to sustain the verdict of guilty. The defendant’s counsel has made an able argument and pointed out discrepancies in the testimony of the complainant, among the most serious of which is the fact that she first accused the defendant of having but one act of intercourse with her and that upon February 10th, 1908; and that after the child was born, September 19, 1908, she accused the defendant of but two acts of intercourse, — the first being on December 29th, 1907, and the second, February 10th, 1908. It was the duty of the jury to reconcile the testimony of the various witnesses, and from all of the testimony in the case arrive at what they believed to be the truth. They were not obliged to believe all of the testimony of the complainant nor to disregard it in toio. If they believed that certain portions of her testimony were truthful and certain portions untruthful, it was their duty to find the facts truthfully stated and reject the facts untruthfully stated. They may have found in this case that the criminal intimacy had begun prior to the time testified to by the complainant. That she should have attempted to minimize her offense is but natural. In addition to the direct and positive accusation of the complainant, there is in the evidence many corroborating circumstances tending to support the-verdict. During December, 1907, the complainant was staying at the home of the defendant, sleeping under the same roof. At that time the defendant’s wife was about to give birth to a child. It was not shown that the girl had a lover or even male company during that period. In our opinion the evidence is amply sufficient to support the verdict.