State v. Boyle

Jul 15, 1872
Reporters:
Before:
Valentine

The opinion of the court was delivered by

Valentine, J.:

i. criminal cases — Row reviewed. This wаs a criminal action. The verdict in the court below was against the defendant, and he was sentenced and adjudged to pay a fine of $25, and costs of prosecution, and stand committed to the county jail until the same were paid. After the sentence and judgment the defendant brought the case to this court on petition in error. It does not seem from the record filed in this court that any attempt was made to take an appeal under § 285 A x 0f the criminal codе, as the record does not show that any notice of the appeal was served or attempted to be served on either the clerk of the distriсt court or the county attorney. In this court the state, by the attorney-general, filed a motion to dismiss the case from this court on ‍‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‍the ground that it was not properly brought here. While this motion was pending, and before it was acted on, the defendant filed a paper in this court showing that the clerk of the district court wаives the notice required to be served upon him, and also showing that the county attorney by his deputy waives notice of the appeal, and enters his аppearance in the case. With some hesitancy we have concluded to consider the case as now in this court substantially on appeal, and shall therefore overrule the. motion of the attorney-general to dismiss the case from this court. (Crim. code, § 294.) We suppose it is entirely unnecеssary for us to say that criminal cases cannot be brought to this court on petition in error, as *116civil cases are; but, if brought at all to this ‍‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‍court, they must be brought on аppeal.

There are only two questions raised or attempted to be raised in this court by the defendant Boyle. First: He claims that the act under which this defеndant was prosecuted was repealed before sentence ‍‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‍and judgment. Second: He claims that the land for which he was prosecuted for rеturning upon did not belong to the prosecuting witness, as was alleged in the information. (See defendant’s brief.)

2. Effect of stat“ncNiSf1, cnmmai cases. I. This action was prosecuted under §3 of the “act relating to settlers upon land without any legal right thereto.” (Ch. 96, Gen. Stat., 953.) This act was in force at the time the prosecution was commenced, but it was repealed before the defendant was sentenced, or before any judgment was rendered against him. The repealing statute is entirely silent as rights or remedies alrеady accrued, to whether prosecutions already commenced under it, should be saved and preserved, or should be abrogated and destroyed. (Laws of 1871, page 28.) And if no saving clause or saving statute can anywhere be found it must be of course admitted that the State has no right to proceed any furthеr in the case after said repealing statute was passed. It must be admitted that no sentence can be pronounced, and no judgment can be rendered under ‍‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‍a statute that has been absolutely repealed. Was this statute absolutely repealed? Under the rules of the common law for determining the еxtent and the effect of repeals this statute would be absolutely repealed; but we shall presently see that these rules have been changed by statute in some very essential particulars. We suppose no one will question the power of the legislature, when repealing a statute, to save аll rights and remedies which have accrued under it to either the state or to individuals, and in criminal cases as well as in civil cases, and to provide that all suits thеn pending shall proceed to their final determination as though no repeal had ever been had. And we also suppose it will be conceded that if this court can determine from all the statutes that it was the will and intention of the *117legislature, when they repealed any given statute, that all rights and remedies which had previously accrued thereunder should be saved, it would be our duty to so declare, whether the legislature had made their will and intention known by any express рrovision in the repealing statute or not. In other words, we suppose we are not bound to look to the repealing statute alone to ascertain the will and intention of the legislature in the premises, but may look for that purpose to all the statutes in force at the time of the passage of thе repealing statute. At the time this repealing statute was passed the following statate was in force: “The repeal of a statute does not revivе a statute previously repealed, nor does such repeal affect any right which accrued, any duty imposed, any penalty incurred, nor any prоceeding commenced under or by virtue of the statute repealed.” This is a portion of §1 of the “Act concerning the construction of statutes.” (Ch. 104, Gen. Stat., 998.) And this statute changed the construction that would otherwise and at common law be given ‍‌​​‌‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​‌​‌​‌​‌‌​​‌​‌‌‌​​‌​‌‌​‌‌‌‌​​​‌‌​​‍to said repealing statute. When the legislature passed said repealing statute it must be presumed that they had in contemplation every other statute of the state which could in any manner affect repeals, and thаt they passed such repealing statute with reference to said other statutes. And it must be presumed in the absence of anything to the contrary that they intended ihat the repealing statute should operate to just the extent that the laws then in force provided that repealing statutes should operate, аnd no further. If this be so, then the statute under which this prosecution was had was not absolutely repealed by said repealing statute, but Avas kept in force so fаr as it affected cases like the one at bar by said saving statute. It has already been decided in this court that the legislature have the power to pass a general saving statute which shall have the force and effect to save rights and remedies except Avhere the repealing statute itself сlearly shoAvs that it Avas not the intention of the legislature that such rights and remedies should be saved. Willetts v. Jeffries, 5 Kas., 473; Gilleland v. Schuyler, 9 Kas., 569. In *118the last case cited it was decided that the very saving statute whiсh we are now considering has such force and effect.

„ „ .. „ , Z. Questions to be mustycPpropeiiy íaised. II. The second question attempted to be raised in this court by the defendant is not in fact in the cаse. The record shows that the defendant was sentenced and iudgJ o ment rendered against him on the 6th day of ju|y 1871. Two days thereafter, to-wit, on the 8th of July, the defendant filеd a paper showing that “the defendant offered to show by evidence that the land mentioned in the information on which the defendant was tried for contempt was not the property of the said Mary A. Higby the prosecuting witness,” and that “the defendant then and there offered to show by evidence that the lands mentioned in said information was land belonging to the Cherokee Nation,” and that “the defendant offered to show that the land from which the defendant has been removed was unsurveyed land of’ the United States to which the Indian title had not been extinguished.” There is nothing in the record that shows that this evidence was offered at any оther time except on the day that the said paper was filed; nor is there anything in the record to show for what purpose it was offered. It was certainly incompеtent for the purpose of obtaining a new trial, for it is evidence that ought to have been offered at the trial. There is nothing however in the record that tends to show that it was offered at the trial; and in the absence of such showing we cannot presume that it was then offered. We cannot therefore consider the paper, or the evidence it contains, or the question it is supposed it raises, at all. There is nothing else in the record that raises any question as to the ownership of said land. The judgment of the court below must be affirmed.

All the Justices concurring.