93 Kan. 405 | Kan. | 1914
This action was brought by the state on the relation of the county attorney of Reno county, and one John Beck.
The petition, after alleging the qualifications of the relator, alleged that the city of Hutchinson is in Reno county and is a city of the first class; that at and for some years prior to the bringing of the action it had been legally acting under the commission form of government, and the names of the commissioners and mayor were therein set forth. The petition further alleged that prior to the filing thereof, a petition, signed by qualified voters of the city, more than twenty-five per cent in number, of the total vote cast for all candidates for mayor at the last preceding general election, was presented to the defendant commission, which petition requested that a certain ordinance, a copy of which was attached thereto, should either be passed by such commission, without alteration, or be submitted without alteration by the commission to a vote of the qualified electors of the city within the time provided by law. It is further alleged that after the filing and presentation of such petition to the respondents, the city clerk attached thereto his certificate of the sufficiency thereof; a copy of which certificate was attached to the petition.
It was further alleged that it thereupon became the duty of the board of commissioners to pass said ordinance as requested, without alteration and within twenty days thereafter, or to submit such ordinance to a vote of the qualified electors of the city at an election to be called forthwith after the attaching of such certificate of sufficiency; that notwithstanding such duty the board of commissioners, by formal action and by a unanimous vote of all the commissioners, refused to pass such ordinance, without alteration, and in the same
' The prayer was that mandamus issue out of the court directing such board of commissioners, in substance, to pass without alteration and publish such ordinance, or that in the event they refused so to do, that such board of commissioners and each member thereof submit the ordinance to a vote of the qualified electors of the city at an election to be called, as prayed for, for that purpose and tó be held within thirty days from the date of the calling thereof. Further, that a large number of citizens, taxpayers and electors of the city are interested in the relief sought and are without adequate remedy in the usual and ordinary forms .of action and that the writ of mandamus is the only effective writ in the premises. The petition was presented to the judge of the district court, and an alternative writ of mandamus was allowed, as prayed for, ordering and enjoining the respondents to pass the ordinance contained in the petition to the commission, without alteration, or that the board call an election and submit the ordinance to a vote of the qualified electors of the city; or that, failing in this, the board and the members thereof should appear and show cause on' a certain day why said act or acts should not be performed.
The respondents made a return of the alternative writ, in substance, as follows: They admit the membership of the board of city commissioners as alleged; the presentation of the petition duly signed as alleged, and that immediately upon the consideration of the petition and the ordinance they unanimously decided not to adopt or publish the ordinance and refused to submit it to a vote of the electors as prayed for. Such refusal
The appellees demurred to the return of the alternative writ, and the court in an extended opinion sustained the demurrer and rendered judgment for the plaintiffs, and issued a peremptory writ of mandamus commanding the defendants to do the things prayed for in' the petition.
The respondents appeal, and specify as error the sustaining of the demurrer to the return, the awarding judgment for the plaintiffs and the issuing of the temporary writ of mandamus.
On the part of the defendants it is urged, inferentially, that the people have no power in their primary and individual capacity to make laws for the reason that section 1 of article 2 of the state constitution confers this power elsewhere. It provides:
“The legislative power of this state shall be vested in a house of representatives and senate.”
Section 21 of article 2 of the constitution provides:
“The legislature may confer upon tribunals transacting the county business of the several counties, such powers of local legislation and administration as it shall deem expedient.”
It is contended that, in specifying one class of tribunals upon which powers, of local legislation may be conferred, all other tribunals or boards, by whatever
There is, of course, no contention but that all the legislative power of the state is vested in the legislature, or that the legislature may not delegate to tribunals transacting county business such power of local legislation as it deems expedient. The question is whether the power to delegate legislative power to the tribunals specified is exclusive. That it is not exclusive was specifically held in City of Emporia v. Smith, 42 Kan. 433, 22 Pac. 616. It was there said:
“The power given to the legislature by section 21 of article 2 of the constitution, to confer on the tribunals transacting county business such powers of local legislation and administration as it may deem expedient, is not exclusive, but such powers can be conferred on other local agencies.” (Syl. ¶ 2.)
This court has repeatedly recognized and enforced regulations for the transaction of local business prescribed by individual officers or boards, and authorized by statute, pertaining to the manner of conducting the business which by statute had devolved upon them. This is legislation.
Wulf v. Kansas City, 77 Kan. 358, 94 Pac. 207, embodies an extended discussion of the power of the legislature to delegate its legislative power to individual boards, other than the tribunals transacting county business, and to cities. The tenor of the case is, in accord with City of Emporia v. Smith, supra, and many other cases therein cited, that the power of the legislature to delegate local legislation to tribunals transacting county business is not exclusive, but may be conferred on “other local agencies.” See, also, In re Pfhaler, 150 Cal. 71, 88 Pac. 270, 11 L. R. A., n. s., 1092, and Notes, 33 L. R. A., n. s., 969, and 11 Ann. Cas. 920.
“Held, that under the provisions of section 1503 of the General Statutes of 1909 it is the duty of the commissioners to pass such repealing ordinance or submit it at the general election in April, and the performance of such duty may be compelled by mandamus.” (Syl.)
The cases are in principle the same, although there are some differences in the provisions of the statute as to the number of signers required to the petition, and other minor differences. The decision therein may be said to be practically a discussion of the questions mooted in this case.
It is strongly urged that the ordinance, if adopted, would be invalid as conferring special privileges, and as in violation of the state Sunday law. The commissioners have unanimously refused in their discretion to pass the ordinance. If, as we hold, section 1240 of the General Statutes of 1909 is valid, all that remains for the commissioners to do is to submit the question to the voters at an election to be called for that purpose. Neither the court below nor this court can decide whether a proposed law is valid. It is a moot question of which neither court has jurisdiction. It may be said, on the other hand, that courts will not compel the doing of a vain thing, and this consideration might prevail if, beyond dispute, the ordinance if passed
The initiative and referendum is not repugnant to the constitution of the United States, which guarantees to the states a republican form of government. (Kadderly v. Portland, 44 Ore. 118, 74 Pac. 710.) A republican form of government is “one constructed on this principle, that the supreme power resides in the body of the people.” (Chisholm v. Georgia, 2 U. S. 419, 457, 1 L. Ed. 440.)
The lack of provision for or of money to defray the expense of an election is not a valid excuse for refusing-to submit the ordinance proposed. The holding of elections in a city is the exercise of a local governmental function, and the incurring of expense incident thereto is not the contracting of a debt within the meaning of section 5 of article 12 of the constitution, nor within the meaning of section 1040 of the General Statutes of 1909.
Nor does it appear that any special privilege or im- ' munity is granted in violation of section 2 of the bill of rights.
The allowance of the peremptory writ of mandamus is affirmed.