21 Mo. 504 | Mo. | 1855
delivered the opinion of the court.
The defendants were indicted by the grand jury of Lawrence county, at the October term of the Circuit Court, in the year eighteen hundred and fifty-two, for an alleged violation of the statute (art. 7, secs. 6 and 8, .p. 394-5, E. C. 1845,) concerning Crimes and Punishments. They were tried at the October term, 1853, and were found guilty. The jury returned a verdict of guilty generally against all three of the defendants, and assessed their punishment at eighty-one dollars.
The defendants moved for a new trial, which was overruled; they also moved in arrest of judgment, which being overruled, they bring the ease here by appeal.
The appellants rely for a reversal of the judgment below, upon two grounds principally — the insufficiency of the indictment and the illegality of the judgment.
1. The indictment charges that the defendants, Zephaniah Berry, William Berry, and Constantine Berry, late, &c., heretofore, to-wit, &c., at, &e., “ with force and arms, did then and there unlawfully assemble together, and mutually agree to assist one another in doing violence to the person of one David A. Maxwell, with force and violence, by threatening to whip and kill the said David A. Maxwell, contrary," &o.
The 6th section of the 7th article, above refered to, declares : “ If three or more persons shall assemble together with intent,
The 8th section declares: “If three or more persons assemble with intent, or being assembled, agree mutually, to assist each other in the doing of any act prohibited by the 6th section of this article, and in the manner therein specified, although the purpose intended or agreed upon be not accomplished, nor any act done, nor any movement or preparation made in furtherance thereof, every person so offending shall, on conviction thereof, be adjudged guilty of a misdemeanor, and- be punished,” &c.
The indictment charges that the defendants did unlawfully assemble together, and mutually agree to assist one another, in doing violence to the person of one David A. Maxwell, with force and violence, by threatening to whip and kill the said David A. Maxwell.
The indictment, in our opinion, is sufficient. There is no necessity to aver any intent in the assembling together in this case. Here, the defendants are charged with unlawfully assembling together, and with mutually agreeing to assist each other in doing violence to the person of David A. Maxwell, by threatening to whip and kill him.
The charge in the indictment is macle sufficiently clear and explicit, and is an offence within the sections of the article in the act above specified. There is no force in the objections taken, therefore, to the indictment; the record shows a prosecutor endorsed on the indictment.
2. The remaining objection extends to the judgment in this case ; the verdict being a general one of guilty against all the defendants, and containing a fine of eighty-one dollars against them all jointly. The judgment is rendered against them for the fine of eighty-one dollars jointly. It is a judgment for the
This court, after much reflection, and with reluctance, must sustain this objection. Though the indictment charges the of-fence as a joint one, and, indeed, there must be three or more persons charged, in order to constitute the offence under our statute, and these three or more make but one offence, yet it is in accordance with the weight of authority that each one of these defendants shall only be liable for a specific fine assessed against him, separately, and not jointly ; and that, accordingly, the judgment must be entered for a specific fine against each defendant. The court below could not enter a judgment jointly against all three for the sum of eighty-one dollars ; nor would it be right or proper to collect that sum of one defendant, in discharge of the entire judgment; nor proper to collect that amount of each one of the defendants separately. This case does not occur in'the English practice ; for there, the jury find the guilt only of the defendants, and leave the amounts of their punishment to be assessed by the courts of that country, in accordance with the law. The courts, therefore, punish each defendant, as in their opinion may be proper, from the nature and amount of his guilt, as proven before them during the process of the trial. The State v. John H. Gay & others, sustains this view, (10 Mo. Rep. 440;) and this case is sustained by 2d Hawk. P. C. p. 638. The case of The State v. The Baradas, (13 Mo. Rep. 94,) does not militate against this doctrine. There, the fine was for the minimum sum, and was joint against the two defendants. The error of the court was in favor of the defendants, as they were required to pay, by its judgment, a fine of fifty dollars, the two, instead of fifty dollars each. In delivering the opinion, in the case of The State v. The Baradas, the judge, who pronounced the opinion of the court, stated that, “ without giving any sanction to the doctrine about the joint fine in the case of Gay et al., in
We are satisfied that the law is against this judgment of the lower court, and that it must be reversed, and the cause remanded for a new trial, in accordance with the principles and doctrine here laid down ; the other judges concurring.
