2003 Ohio 6908 | Ohio Ct. App. | 2003
{¶ 2} The record reveals that appellant broke into a Cleveland Heights residence that had recently been leased by four college women, two of whom were in the home at the time. Shortly before the break-in, the women noticed that they were without electrical power. When they heard loud banging at their front door, the women barricaded themselves in one of the bedrooms and called police from a cell phone. Appellant was eventually found in the basement of the home by Cleveland Heights Police officers who arrived shortly thereafter. Found in appellant's possession were a knit cap, a roll of masking tape, a flashlight and a white sock.
{¶ 3} Thereafter, a seven-count indictment was returned against appellant charging him with (1) two counts of aggravated burglary, in violation of R.C.
{¶ 4} A bind-over hearing was held in juvenile court in accordance with R.C.
{¶ 5} Appellant is now before this court and assigns three errors for our review. We address these assigned errors out of turn for ease of discussion.
{¶ 7} The role of an attorney in closing argument is to assist the jury in analyzing, evaluating and applying the evidence. State v. Brand
(1978),
{¶ 8} Appellant claims that the prosecutor's statement regarding the failure of appellant's counsel to say that his client was innocent justifies reversal under State v. Keenan (1993),
{¶ 9} "The prosecutor's rebuttal argument insinuated even more strongly that defense counsel thought Keenan guilty: `Not once did they tell you their client was innocent. Not once did they tell you to find him not guilty.' The personal opinion of defense counsel of their client's guilt or innocence is no more relevant than the opinion of the prosecutor. Yet, if the jury believes that even the defendant's own advocates think him guilty, that belief will naturally carry great weight in their deliberations. The jury is also likely to resent defense counsel's perceived insincerity." Id. at 406.
{¶ 10} The Keenan court found this statement, along with several other comments made and other conduct exhibited during trial, to be prejudicial error requiring the reversal of Keenan's convictions. Id. at 410, 413.
{¶ 11} The effect of an improper statement, however, must be considered in the context of the entire trial in determining prejudice. Id., citing Donnelly v. DeChristoforo (1974),
{¶ 12} Unlike Keenan, the prosecutor's improper statement in this case was an isolated incident. Having reviewed the entire trial transcript, we are unable to find other misconduct that would indicate a pattern of indifference to the due process rights of appellant. On the contrary, the parties and their counsel, for the most part, conducted themselves with the utmost decorum and professionalism. Viewed in this context, we see no prejudicial error despite the impropriety of the prosecutor's comment.
{¶ 13} Appellant's first assignment of error is not well taken and is overruled.
{¶ 15} In general, a reviewing court will not reverse a sentence unless that court finds, by clear and convincing evidence, that the sentence is unsupported by the record or is contrary to law. See R.C.
{¶ 16} The overriding purpose of felony sentencing is to protect the public from future crime by the offender and others and to punish the offender. Toward that end, R.C.
{¶ 17} "To achieve those purposes, the sentencing court shall consider the need for incapacitating the offender, deterring the offender and others from future crime, rehabilitating the offender, and making restitution to the victim of the offense, the public, or both."
{¶ 19} Ohio's multiple-count statute, R.C.
{¶ 20} Offenses are of similar import if the elements of each crime in the abstract "correspond to such a degree that the commission of one crime will result in the commission of the other." State v. Rance,
{¶ 21} When an offense is defined in terms of conduct toward another, then there is a dissimilar import for each person affected by the conduct. State v. Phillips (1991),
{¶ 22} The evidence indicates that appellant entered one residence for the purpose of committing a criminal offense. Because he was apprehended within that residence before any further offense was committed, there is nothing from which we can determine that he committed these crimes with a separate animus. Consequently, the trial court erred in convicting and sentencing appellant for both burglary offenses. See, e.g., State v. Harrison (Dec. 9, 1999), Cuyahoga App. No. 75294, 1999 Ohio App. Lexis 5908.
{¶ 23} Appellant's first assignment of error is well taken and is sustained. We, therefore, vacate appellant's conviction for the second count of burglary.
{¶ 25} R.C.
{¶ 26} After finding that the women suffered "serious emotional harm as a result of [appellant's] acts" and that appellant had a "prior history of delinquency convictions," the court stated:
{¶ 27} "On Count 1 of the indictment that [appellant] serve a maximum period of incarceration of eight years. In making this finding the Court finds that this is absolutely the worst form of burglary that the Court has ever experienced in certainly eleven years on the bench. The fact that this was not in the Court's view an aggravated burglary, but simply in the Court's view a result of the fact that the victims were able to get the police on their cell phones, and there was physical harm threatened by the criminal tools in this case.
{¶ 28} "Given the fact that we have this pattern of violence against women and terrorizing of women, the Court in addition finds that [appellant] poses the greatest likelihood of recidivism * * *."
{¶ 29} The court thereafter discussed its reasons for imposing consecutive sentences for the two burglary convictions, which, by virtue of our disposition of appellant's first assignment of error, is not germane to our resolution of this assigned error. In closing, however, the court continued:
{¶ 30} "* * * I'll indicate in conclusion this afternoon, I practiced ten years as a trial lawyer. I've been on the bench now for ten years as well. This is one of the most serious and heinous crimes potentially against people that I've encountered. I would join in the comments of counsel relative to the investigation the Cleveland Heights police did in this case."
{¶ 31} Having reviewed the entire record in this case, including the testimony adduced at trial, we are unable to see how this case could be one of the worst forms of a burglary offense. To be sure, the women testified at length as to their fear not only on the night of the burglary but for some time thereafter, especially their fear of sexual assault. They moved out of the leased premises the next day. One woman entered counseling for a period of time. During the sentencing hearing, the trial court heard the impassioned pleas from the mayor of Cleveland Heights himself. He voiced his outrage that this criminal activity took place in his city and advocated for the maximum penalty.1
{¶ 32} Although we acknowledge the fear experienced by these women, their fear alone does not justify the imposition of the maximum sentence in this case. Nor does the impassioned plea of a top-ranking city official. "[T]here is a natural tendency to overpunish any offender, no matter what he did, focusing only on the outrage and pain and not on the manner in which it was inflicted. But the sentencing statutes require that the sentencing authority look beyond the emotions aroused by the behavior and focus on the behavior itself." State v.Condon,
{¶ 33} Focusing on appellant's behavior in this case, we cannot say that this behavior constitutes the worst form of burglary. Having reviewed several burglary cases where the maximum sentence was imposed and upheld on appeal, it appears to us that the offenders in such cases committed the offense of burglary in conjunction with other more serious crimes like rape, robbery and assault. See, e.g., State v. Butler, 7th Dist. No. 01 JE 34, 2003-Ohio-3468 (burglary and aggravated robbery with firearm specifications); State v. Brock (Nov. 3, 2000), 1st Dist. No. C-000085, 2000 Ohio App. Lexis 5079 (burglary and gross sexual imposition); State v. King (Aug. 9, 2000), 3rd Dist. No. 2-2000-13, 2000 Ohio App. Lexis 3561 (burglary, assault and theft);State v. Rone (June 23, 2000), 11th Dist. No. 99-A-0010, 2000 Ohio App. Lexis 2779 (burglary, rape and theft);State v. Taylor (Feb. 14, 2000), 12th Dist. No. CA99-02-024, 2000 Ohio App. Lexis 476 (burglary, vandalism and theft); State v. Rogers (Nov. 24, 1999), Cuyahoga App. No. 74988, 1999 Ohio App. Lexis 5583 (burglary and felonious assault).
{¶ 34} Without diminishing or condoning appellant's conduct, appellant entered the home of the women, got scared and ran in the basement until found by the police. He did not say a word nor cause any harm to persons or property. When compared to other cases of burglary, appellant's behavior does not represent the worst form of that offense.
{¶ 35} Similarly, we cannot say that appellant poses the greatest likelihood of committing future crime. To be sure, appellant was adjudicated delinquent on charges of armed robbery when appellant was 14 years old and he and his family resided in Georgia. From those records, we note that appellant approached two women at knifepoint and demanded money. The Georgia court placed him under electronic monitoring supervision for a period of time but then released him. He was thereafter placed on probation until further order of that court. His family moved to Ohio the following year. There have been no other reports of delinquency or discipline problems at home or school. Educational records indicate that appellant functions below grade level and has participated in special education classes.
{¶ 36} Although appellant's past criminal history, combined with his current offenses, could support the finding that he is likely to commit future crime, it does not necessarily support that he poses thegreatest likelihood of future criminal behavior. As stated by the Second Appellate District in State v. Schlecht, 2nd Dist. No. 2003-CA-3,
{¶ 37} We agree with the trial court that appellant's criminal history demonstrates some likelihood of recidivism. The record does not, however, support the court's finding that the greatest likelihood of recidivism is present. Appellant was sixteen years old when he committed the offenses for which he was sentenced and was a juvenile when he committed the other offenses in Georgia, which constitutes his entire criminal history. Furthermore, given that appellant has never served a prison sentence, we cannot conclude that the maximum sentence is necessary. As stated in Steward," the imposition of such a lengthy sentence on such a youthful offender may encourage rather than discourage future criminal conduct by [the defendant], causing [the defendant] to become a hardened career criminal rather than punishing him for his crimes but providing him a chance to turn his life around."
{¶ 38} The same is true in this case. Appellant was 14 years old at the time of his juvenile offense and proved to be amenable to rehabilitation. It is true that a mere two years later he committed the instant offenses but, similar to the offenses committed in Georgia, appellant bumbled through each of these crimes, which demonstrates more his ignorance and lack of maturity than anything else. Given his age and this past criminal history, the imposition of the maximum sentence is unwarranted under the statute.
{¶ 39} For the aforementioned reasons, we find the trial court's imposition of the maximum eight-year prison term for burglary to be contrary to law and, therefore, sustain appellant's third assignment of error as pertains to the imposition of the maximum prison sentence.
{¶ 41} R.C.
{¶ 42} Imposing consecutive prison terms for multiple convictions, therefore, is appropriate upon making certain findings as enumerated in this statute. When the trial court does so, however, it must state these findings, and its reasons for those findings, on the record. See R.C.
{¶ 43} As pertains to appellant's sentence for possession of criminal tools, the trial court stated:
{¶ 44} "* * * and finally on Court 4 of the indictment, the possession of criminal tools, again the Court takes (sic) its findings pursuant to
{¶ 45} As can be surmised from the excerpt above, the trial court did not comply with R.C.
{¶ 46} Appellant's third assignment of error is well taken and is sustained.
{¶ 48} The judgment of the trial court is affirmed in part, vacated in part and remanded for resentencing.
Patricia A. Blackmon, P.J., and James D. Sweeney, J., concur.
James D. Sweeney, retired, of the Eighth District Court of Appeals, sitting by assignment.
It is ordered that appellee and appellant equally share costs herein taxed.
The court finds there were reasonable grounds for this appeal. It is ordered that a special mandate issue out of this court directing the Cuyahoga County Common Pleas Court to carry this judgment into execution. The defendant's conviction having been affirmed in part, any bail pending appeal is terminated. Case remanded to the trial court for execution of sentence consistent with the opinion herein.
A certified copy of this entry shall constitute the mandate pursuant to Rule 27 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure.
