15 Nev. 27 | Nev. | 1880
By the Court,
The appellant was convicted of violating section 6 of “ An act amendatory and supplemental of an act to regulate the sale or disposal of opium and to prohibit the keeping of places of resort for smoking or otherwise using that drug,” etc. (Stats. 1879, 121.)
The following is the material portion of said section: “ Section 6. It shall not be lawful for any person to resort to any house, room, or apartment, or other place kept for any of the purposes forbidden by this act, for the purpose of indulging in the use of opium or any preparation containing opium, by smoking or otherwise.”
We are asked to reverse the judgment of the district court, on the ground that it was error to overrule the defendant’s demurrer to the indictment, whereby it was objected: 1. That the whole of said act is unconstitutional and void, for the reason that it embraces more than one
The clause of our constitution upon which these objections are founded reads as follows: “ Each law enacted by the legislature shall embrace but one subject, and matter properly connected therewith, which subject shall be briefly expressed in the title.” (Art. 4, sec. 17.) Provisions similar to these in the constitutions of the other states have generally been held to be mandatory (Cooley’s Con. Lim. 150), and such is the view of this court. (State v. Silver, 9 Nev. 227.)
The appellant is correct, therefore, in assuming that any act passed in disregard of the letter a,nd spiritof these provisions is pro tanto void. If two incongruous subjects are embraced in the same act, the whole act is void, and even when but one subject is embraced in an act, yet if its title has been unnecessarily made so restrictive as not to cover the whole subject, such parts of the act as are not included by the title must fail.
Does the act under which the appellant was convicted embrace more than one subject, or is its title too restrictive to cover the provisions of section 6 ?
Clearly it does not embrace more than one subject, and if its title had been, “An act for the suppression of opium dens,” we think no-one would have been found to question its constitutionality. The following is an epitome of its different provisions: It prohibits the sale of opium, except when prescribed' by licensed physicians, and in that case allows only druggists and apothecaries to sell it; prohibits the keeping of places of resort for smoking; prohibits the leasing of houses for such purposes; subjects the interest of the owner or lessor of premises leased with knowledge that they are intended to be used for opium smoking to a lien for any fine or costs recovered against the occupant, and, finally, by section 6, prohibits all persons from resorting to places kept for the forbidden purpose.
From this statement it is apparent that the legislature, in
This does not profess iii explicit terms to aim at the suppression of opium dens by every legitimate means, but merely to prohibit the keeping of such places, and, upon strict rules of interpretation, it would be difficult to maintain that the latter expression is as broad as the former, or that it will cover anything besides provisions for punishing the keepers of the interdicted resorts. But in dealing with this particular objection to parts of statutes, which, as a whole, embrace but one subject of legislation, the courts of the different states have adopted an exceedingly liberal rule of construction in favor of their validity. The decisions on the point are very numerous, but it would be un-' necessary and unprofitable to attempt a review of them; for in scarcely a single instance is an attempt made to lay down any rule or principle more definite than is to be gathered from the remark of Judge Cooley (Con. .Lim. 146), that “there has been a general disposition to construe the constitutional provision liberally, rather than to embarrass legislation.by a construction, whose strictness is unnecessary to the accomplishment of the beneficial purposes for which it has been adopted.”
We conclude that the objections to the constitutionality of tho law, under which tire appellant was indicted, are unfounded, and that the district court did not err in overruling his demurrer.
• The appellant also contends that the district judge erred in instructing the jury to the effect, that going onco to a place kept for opium-smoking, for the purposo of smoking, is an infraction of the law. What tho statute forbids all persons to do is to “ resort ” to such places, and it is argued that resort means, not to go merely once, but to go and go again — in other words, to make a practice of going. The etymology of the word resort lends some support to this argument, but the definitions given in the lexicons show that whatever may have been its original meaning it no longer means anything more in the connection in which it is employed in the statute than to go once.
It is also claimed that the evidence was insufficient to show that the place where appellant was arrested was a i>lace of resort such as the statute prohibits. But upon this point we think the case was very clearly made out. The evidence showed that the room in which the appellant was arrested
The judgment appealed from is affirmed.