21 S.E. 35 | N.C. | 1895
The statute (Code, sec. 35), by imposing a fine for begetting a bastard child, makes the act a criminal offence. S. v. Parsons,
When is the criminal offence complete? It is clearly when the child is begotten, because the mother as soon as she becomes conscious of her pregnancy is allowed to complain (Code, sec. 32) and procure the issuing of a warrant, upon which the accused may be arraigned and tried immediately on being brought before a justice of the peace, unless the justice shall deem it proper to grant him a continuance. Code, sec. 34. Following the principle announced in S. v. Burton, supra, the Court said in Myers v.Stafford, supra, that "the question now being presented in such shape that it is necessary to be decided, *578 we are of the opinion that the begetting of a bastard child has become a petty misdemeanor." It was demonstrated in S. v. Burton, supra, "that a fine can only be imposed for a crime or misdemeanor or a contempt."
The charge embodied in the indictment and sustained by the proof upon which the defendant was found guilty was that he "on 4 October, 1893, in and upon the body of one Mary Neal did willfully (983) and unlawfully beget a bastard child, etc." The indictment was sent and returned a true bill at January Term, 1895, of the court, more than twelve months after the child had been begotten and the offence had become complete. Construing The Code, sec. 892, with the amendatory act of 1889, prolonging the period for the exercise of exclusive original jurisdiction by the justice from six to twelve months, we can not escape the conclusion that after one year from the perpetration of the petty misdemeanor of begetting a bastard child, that, like all other offences, for which no greater punishment can be imposed than a fine of fifty dollars or imprisonment for one month, becomes cognizable in the Superior Court as well as before a justice of the peace, until the prosecution is barred by the lapse of time.
The plea of not guilty necessarily involves the question of paternity, upon which the finding, on the issue raised by it, depends. When, therefore, the defendant is convicted of the criminal offence, the incidental authority to enforce the police regulation as pointed out inParson's and Burton's cases, supra, is immediately vested in the court that takes cognizance of the misdemeanor. The power of the court to imprison for fine and costs as well as for non-payment of the allowance, and the relation sustained by the mother of the bastard and of the county commissioners to the judgment were fully discussed in S. v.Parsons, supra. The incidental authority to enforce the police regulation is expressly conferred by statute, and there can be no reasonable doubt about the power of the Legislature in the premises. At common law, in addition to the infliction of punishment of fine and imprisonment for a public nuisance, the court might order that the nuisance be abated. 2 Wharton Cr. Law (7 Ed.), sec. 2377. So that, to clothe the court with some incidental power to further provide for the public protection, after making an example of the offender, is to neither transcend the limit of legislative authority nor to depart (984) from the practice prescribed in other cases.
The learned counsel for the defendant referred on the argument to a warrant, but the record sent up is entirely consistent with the idea that the prosecution had originated in the Superior Court by the sending of the indictment after that court had concurrent *579
jurisdiction. If we could conceive, therefore, of any principle upon which the fact of the assumption of jurisdiction by a justice, where neither the pendency of a prosecution nor the judgment of that court had been pleaded or set up in bar, would defeat the jurisdiction of the Superior Court to try after the lapse of twelve months from the commission of the offence (S.v. Drake,
By permission of the Court the defendant's counsel has been allowed, since the foregoing was written, to present to the Court some additional reasons for maintaining that there was error below. The statute (Code, sec. 31) restricts the right of justices of the peace to issue warrants for bastardy, to cases where the affidavit is made voluntarily by the mother, or upon certain grounds set forth by a county commissioner, just as the Act of 1868 made it a condition precedent to the exercise of jurisdiction in case of assault and battery that it should appear by affidavit that there was no collusion between the complainant and defendant. But the Superior Court is a court of general jurisdiction, and there being nothing upon the face of the record to oust its authority, it must proceed to try, when a defendant is arraigned for an offence and it appears from the indictment itself that a justice's court no longer has the exclusive right to take cognizance. The rule finds illustrations in those cases where a more serious assault is charged and the proof sustains only a conviction for such an assault as is, at the time, within the exclusive (985) jurisdiction of a justice. S. v. Cunningham,
Under the express language of the statute (Code, sec. 32), authority is given the court to commit a defendant convicted of begetting a child, "until he find surety" to a bond conditioned for the indemnity of the county and to perform the order of the court. Though the general principle is, as stated by counsel, that conditional judgments are void, yet should we concede that the judgment here is conditional, it is just such a judgment as is authorized by statute. If the court had attempted to delegate its authority, as in Strickland v. Cox,
We can conceive of but one question of practice, in cases of this kind, that is not fully settled by recent adjudications, and to anticipate that now would be to give an obiter opinion.
No Error.
CLARK, J., dissents.
Cited: S. v. Mize,
Overruled: S. v. Liles,
135 N.C. 735 . *581 (987)