36 S.E.2d 697 | N.C. | 1946
The defendant was tried upon an indictment charging him with larceny of $260 from the person of C.H. Josey, and challenges the conduct of the trial in the particulars noted. The following summary is sufficient to present the case for review:
There was evidence to the effect that Josey and the defendant had ridden in the same bus seat from some distance east of Raleigh, Josey going home to Salisbury, and Shoup to Charlotte. Both had been drinking, and Josey had had several drinks. Josey had in his wallet about $300, which he had borrowed on his trailer from a bank in Norfolk — four $50 bills and three twenties in one compartment and the rest in another. The two sat together again on changing buses at Raleigh, and Josey saw the money in his pocketbook beyond Raleigh. Shoup got off the bus in Greensboro, before reaching the station, and Josey went on to Salisbury. There, on getting off the bus, he missed his pocketbook, and turning back, found it lying in the seat he had occupied, but found the four $50 bills and three twenties gone. The rest of the money was not disturbed.
Two police officers of Greensboro, having been given a description of Shoup and the denominations of the seven bills lost, found Shoup at a hotel, registered under the name of Foster. They found a purse hidden under a rug in the room, which Shoup admitted was his, containing four $50 bills, three $20 bills, and three ones. Shoup claimed that the money was his. Asked why he took the money, he replied that he didn't know the man had that much money. On cross-examination one of the officers modified the testimony to this: "I said, `You did not know he had that much money until you took it?' and he said, `Yes.'"
On the defense Shoup gave various reasons why he got off at Greensboro instead of going on to Charlotte as his ticket read, and introduced evidence tending to account for the money in his possession. As to the registration at the hotel, he said he sometimes went under the name Foster.
The State, over defendant's objection, was permitted to introduce a "notice" or paper issued to defendant by the Housing Office of Norfolk Navy Yard guaranteeing two weeks rent at Dale Dormitories, which would permit him to delay paying a "security deposit of $5" to the apartments for that length of time. The purpose as stated was to show the improbability of defendant having that much money at the time. Defendant stated that such a paper was issued to "all of them."
At the conclusion of the State's evidence, and again at the conclusion of all the evidence, defendant moved for judgment of nonsuit, and the *72 motions were denied. The defendant was found guilty and from the judgment imposing sentence appealed, assigning errors.
To save repetition particular incidents of the trial to which exceptions were taken are noted in the opinion.
Our office on review does not permit us to pass on the weight of evidence. We can only assure the demurring defendant that he shall not be convicted except on evidence tending to show his guilt; S. v. McKinnon,
Appellant's first exception relates to the evidence that he registered at a hotel in Greensboro under an assumed name, after breaking his trip to Charlotte at that point and leaving the bus before reaching the station. Taken with other related circumstances it leads to the inference that his motive was to cover up his identity and avoid being traced for the recent crime. It was in the nature of an admission and competent as an incriminating circumstance. S. v. Payne,
Exceptions 5 and 6 are to the identification of the written "notice" or guaranty by the Navy Housing office of two weeks rent at the Dale Dormitories, and its introduction in evidence. The objection is both to its relevancy, and to its use as having been taken from defendant on a personal search, and thus compelling him to testify against himself. As to the manner of its acquisition and subsequent use in evidence, our Court has uniformly held that Article I, sec. 11, of the Constitution is not infringed by the introduction of evidence thus procured. Moreover, the defendant went upon the stand in his own behalf and waived his constitutional right against self-incrimination. S. v. Hickey,
In exception 8 the appellant complains that the trial judge misstated the testimony of a police officer in summing up the evidence. The judge told the jury, in substance, that the defendant said he took the money "because he did not know how much the man had." Passing the fact that this is a close approximation to the officer's testimony, if it was an erroneous statement, it was such as to require that the attention of the judge should be called to it at the time for immediate correction, otherwise it would not be available on appeal. This was not done. S. v. Wagstaff,
Exception 9 assigns as error the fact that the judge, as a contention and not as a direct statement of law, instructed the jury that where the conduct of the defendant could be attributed to either of two motives, one innocent and the other criminal, the jury should take the more charitable view. S. v. Massey,
The last assignment of error, exception 10, points out that the court failed to state the law where circumstantial evidence is involved, and that the evidence here is predominantly of that character. Precisely in what the failure consists, we are left to surmise: We assume that it relates to the degree of circumstantial proof required to convict. Every now and then, through the force of precedent, definitions and interpretations of the more technical features of the law are newly included in the category of "musts" in explaining the law and applying it to the evidence under G.S.,
"There is no particular formula by which the Court must charge the jury upon the intensity of proof. `No set of words is required by the law in regard to the force of circumstantial evidence. All that the law requires is that the jury shall be clearly instructed, that unless after due consideration of the evidence they are "fully satisfied" or "entirely convinced" or "satisfied beyond a reasonable doubt" of the guilt of the defendant, it is their duty to acquit . . .'"
The charge in the instant case met this requirement.
Upon the record we find
No error.
