11 S.E. 517 | N.C. | 1890
There was a verdict of guilty, and from the judgment pronounced thereon the defendant appealed. The first assignment of error is, that a witness for the State was allowed to testify, after objection, that the defendant was forty years of age, and that he stated this upon information had (712) from defendant's sister. As it did not affirmatively appear that the sister was dead at the time of the trial, the evidence was improperly admitted. Hodges v. Hodges, ante, 374, and cases there cited.
The defendant testified that she was thirty-six years old at the trial, with the view of showing that she was about thirteen years of age at the time of the alleged first marriage. The evidence was conflicting *547 as to whether there was a first marriage, and as to its date. The jury, upon the evidence, found that there was such first marriage.
This being so, it is immaterial whether defendant, at its date was thirteen years of age, as she contends, or over fourteen, as contended by the State; for, upon any view of the evidence, the defendant had lived with such husband over twenty years, and has borne him ten children. The evidence, therefore, was merely irrelevant, and as it could not have prejudiced the defendant, its admission affords no ground for a new trial.Scoggins v. Turner,
While marriage is a contract, it differs from other contracts in many respects, especially in that it can be entered into by minors. The code, sec. 1810, it is true, provides that a marriage by a female under fourteen years of age, or a male person under sixteen, is void, but theproviso speaks of its being "declared void," and the construction of the statute by the courts has always been that the meaning is that such marriages are voidable. The only marriage (under section 1810) which are absolutely void are those between a white person and one of negro or Indian blood (or descent to the third generation inclusive,) and bigamous marriages. The others need to be "declared void." That has not been done here, and defendant's first marriage is still a valid one. Indeed, it may be doubted if such marriage can be declared invalid when the parties have ratified it by cohabitation after arriving at (713) the age of consent. "If the parties, after arriving at the above specified age of consent, continue to cohabit and live together as man and wife, this is a ratification." Coke an Littleton, 79; 1 Black. Com., 436; 1 Bish. Marriage and Divorce, 150 (4 ed.), and Pearson, C. J., in Koonce v. Wallace, 7 Jones, 194. Though the form of the statute has been somewhat changed since the latter decision, the "reason of the thing" is the same. The evidence here of more than twenty years' cohabitation, and ten children resulting from it, is uncontradicted and should be ample proof of ratification.
The second exception is, that the court told the jury that if defendant was united in marriage to her alleged husband by a colored preacher (shown in the evidence to have been an elder in the colored Methodist Church), with or without license, it was a lawful marriage. The Code, sec. 1813, forbids any officer or minister from performing the ceremony of marriage unless the license therein required shall be produced. The failure to comply with the requirements as to the license "subjects the officer of minister to the penalty (denounced by The Code, sec. 1817), but the marriage is, notwithstanding, good to every intent and purpose." *548 S. v. Robbins, 6 Ired., 23. The Code, sec. 1812, authorizes the solemnization of the ceremony by "an ordained minister of any religious denomination, or a justice of the peace." A reference to the "Book of Discipline," as authorized by the precedent set in S. v. Bray, 13 Ired., 289, shows that an elder in the colored M. E. Church is always an "ordained minister." It may be noted that the statute now is broader than when the decision in S. v. Bray was rendered, and the failure to show that the minister possessed certain qualifications then required by the statute, and which caused that case to be sent back for a new trial, is now immaterial.
(714) The third exception is, that the court did not instruct the jury that the weight of the evidence was that there had been no such first marriage, as alleged by the State. Had the judge done so, it would have been a violation of the Act of 1796, now The Code, sec. 413.
The fourth and last exception is "to the charge as given." The whole charge is not sent up. Had it been, still this exception is too general to be considered. McKinnon v. Morrison,
No error.
Cited: Maggett v. Roberts,