117 S.E. 170 | N.C. | 1923
Criminal prosecution, tried upon an indictment charging the defendant with forgery and with fraudulently uttering and publishing two forged checks, one drawn on the Merchants Bank and Trust Company of Winston-Salem, N.C. for $210, payable to the order of R. M. Dixon and signed A. C. Corbett, and the other drawn on the same bank for $198, payable to the order of R. M. Dixon, and signed A. C. Corbett.
These two checks were presented by the defendant at the Greensboro National Bank for deposit, and were left there by him for collection, he being told at the time by the teller that it was contrary to the rules of *765 the bank to allow strangers to draw money against uncollected funds, and that he would send the checks to Winston-Salem for collection and when collected would place the proceeds to the defendant's credit. The defendant gave his name to the teller as R. M. Dixon, and endorsed that name upon the back of the checks at the time of their delivery to the teller.
The checks were forwarded in due course of mail to the bank at Winston-Salem for collection, and, according to the testimony of the teller of the Greensboro bank, were returned unpaid and protested, with the reason of the protest stated thereon as "No account." Defendant objected to this evidence, and duly noted an exception.
The defendant did not procure from the Greensboro bank any money by reason of his deposit of the checks, but, as testified to by the teller, he simply deposited them for collection with the understanding that they were so deposited, and that he would not be permitted to draw any funds from the Greensboro bank unless and until the said checks had been reported by the bank at Winston-Salem as paid.
His Honor charged the jury that it could make no difference whether A. C. Corbett was a real or fictitious person if the State had satisfied them beyond a reasonable doubt that the defendant was the real maker of the checks, they would convict him if they further found the checks were made and executed with the requisite intent to defraud. Defendant excepted. From an adverse verdict and judgment of two years in the State Prison, the defendant appealed. (729)
For the purpose of showing that the checks in question were made out in the name of a fictitious person, or that they were forged by the defendant, the teller of the Greensboro bank, over objection, was allowed to give the reason for their nonpayment by the Winston-Salem bank, as shown by the protest, to be "No account" — meaning that no account was carried at said bank in the name of A. C. Corbett. It was permissible for the witness to state that the checks had been sent to the Winston-Salem bank for collection, and that they had been protested for nonpayment and returned. In corroboration of this testimony, we see no reason why the checks themselves, together with the notary's certificate, should not have been offered in evidence. S. v. McCormick,
While doubtless the same conclusion would be reached in the case of a foreign bill of exchange, which is required by our law to be protested for nonacceptance or nonpayment (C.S. 3134 and 3135), yet it may be observed that, in the case at bar, no protest of the instant checks was necessary (C.S. 3134), though it was permissible under C.S. 3100; 3 R.C.L. 1327. However, as to this last proposition, we make no present decision, because it is not before us, and what we have said must be understood as being confined to the questions raised by the defendants appeal. This is a criminal prosecution, not a civil action involving a construction of the law merchant, and the State is seeking to prove by the evidence now in question, more than presentment, demand, and protest of the checks for nonpayment or dishonor. 3 R.C.L. 1328; S. v. Behrman,supra. For these purposes, the evidence may be competent (Gordonv. Price,
"In all criminal prosecutions every man has the right to be informed of the accusation against him, and to confront the accusers and witnesses with other testimony." Const., Art. I, sec. 11. "We take it that the wordconfront does not simply secure to the accused the privilege of examining witnesses in his behalf, but is an affirmative of the rule of the common law that in trials by jury the witness must be present before the jury and accused, so that he may be confronted; that is, put face to face." Pearson, C. J., in S. v. Thomas,
The defendant also assigns as error the charge of his Honor that it could make no difference whether A. C. Corbett, the purported maker of the checks, was a real or fictitious person, if the defendant actually signed such name to the checks with intent to defraud the officers of the bank or any other person. If the drawer had no existence, of necessity, the name must have been affixed by some one without authority, and if this were done by the defendant with the purpose and intent to defraud — the instruments being sufficient in form to import legal liability — an indictable forgery would have been committed. Barnes v. Crawford,
For the errors, as indicated, there must be a new trial or a venire denovo; and it is so ordered.
New trial.
Cited: S. v. Love,