29 S.E. 381 | N.C. | 1898
FAIRCLOTH, C. J., dissents. *651 The defendant was indicted, in the following bill, for an assault to commit rape: "The jurors for the State, upon their oath, present that J. B. Barnes, late of the county of Nash, on 6 October, 1897, with force and arms, at and in the county aforesaid in and upon one Cora Yarboro, then and there being, unlawfully, and feloniously did make an assault, and her the said Cora Yarboro then and there forcibly, violently, and against her will, then and there feloniously to abuse, ravish and carnally know; and other wrongs to the said Cora Yarboro (1032) then and there did, against the form of the statute in such case made and provided, and against the peace and dignity of the State."
The prosecutrix testified that she was living with the defendant and his wife, who stood to her in loco parentis, her father and mother being dead; that the defendant took her to church in the buggy, and returning took an unfrequented road on the excuse that it was not so dusty; that when they got to an unfrequented spot he attempted to kiss her and put his arm around her, she struggled from him and got out of the buggy; he got out, caught her, threw her down, threatened to kill her if she did not yield; that she screamed and tried to get away, and her dress was torn, but he got on her, when two men, Harris and Epps, rode up, whereupon he desisted; that she refused to go with defendant but got in the buggy with Harris, with whom she went home; that the next day (Monday) she took out the warrant; that she has now no home.
Harris testified that he and Epps were in their buggy and when in about 40 or 50 yards saw a man and a woman tusseling and Epps said to him "Some one is fighting." They trotted on and when in about 15 or 20 yards saw a lady's limbs fly up and her underclothing showing; that when they got to Barnes he was on top of the prosecutrix whom he had down on the ground; he got up and the prosecutrix also, and she applied to him (Harris) to ride in his buggy; then defendant said she should go in his buggy, the prosecutrix said "she would die first." Barnes plead with her in vain to go home with him, and again at the stock-law gate Barnes said, "Miss Cora get in my buggy and let us stop this thing." She said she would never do it, and that Barnes and his wife had promised he would act as a father to her. He said he would be a father to her now if she would get in the (1033) buggy, and asked, "What can I say to my wife?" He renewed the effort two or three times but she refused and went on with Harris to his house. After supper Barnes came over with his wife, who went in to see the prosecutrix, that the defendant said to him that if the prosecutrix did not stop the matter "it would ruin him." "He said that *652 he tried to kiss her and when his passions got up he could not control himself; that if we (Harris and Epps) had been five or six minutes later he would have done what he wanted to do. He said that Epps had sworn not to tell and he wanted me to do the same thing." He said, "Mr. Harris, I confess I am guilty, but when my passions get up, I cannot control myself." Epps testified to being with Harris on that occasion, their finding the defendant in that position and his efforts to get the prosecutrix in his buggy and her refusal. The evidence was more in detail but this is the substance of it. The defendant neither testified himself nor introduced any evidence in defense, nor to attack the character of the witnesses for the prosecution.
The Court instructed the jury fully and correctly as to an assault with intent to commit rape, and then gave the following special instructions asked for by the defendant: "Before the jury can convict, they must be satisfied the defendant intended to gratify his passions on the person of the prosecutrix at all events and notwithstanding any resistance she might make. If the jury believe the prosecutrix made no outcry, that she was not bruised, that her clothes were not torn, that her hat was not off, these are all circumstances which the jury may consider in determining whether the prosecutrix resisted or (1034) consented." The Court closed the charge as follows: "If you shall believe that defendant put his hands on the prosecutrix against her will and consent and tried to kiss her, but did not intend to ravish her and carnally know her at all hazards and despite any resistance on her part, the defendant would not be guilty of assault with intent to commit rape, but would be guilty of a simple assault only."
The defendant was convicted and sentenced to imprisonment for seven years in the State penitentiary, and appealed.
There is no exception to the evidence and none to the charge. After verdict the defendant moved in arrest of judgment on the ground that the words "with intent" were left out of the indictment. He cannot say that he has been in the slightest degree misled or prejudiced in his defense thereby. If he had thought the indictment ambiguous as to the offense with which he was charged, he should have moved to quash for the informality and the solicitor would doubtless have accommodated him by sending a new bill. But he understood the charge perfectly by asking instructions upon the offense of assault with intent to commit rape, which was given; he heard the judge's charge fully and explicitly upon that offense *653
and made no exception thereto. He sat in the dock and heard the overwhelming evidence that he had assaulted the prosecutrix with intent to commit rape upon her, and made no exception that he was not charged in the indictment with that offense; he heard his admissions of guilt given in evidence and his statement that if (1035) the witnesses had been five or six minutes later he would have succeeded — a crime which would have put a halter around his neck; he offered no evidence to contradict the evidence given of his acts and of his admission of guilt. There could not be found a case more strongly justifying the wisdom of the statute (Code, section 1183) which forbids judgment to be arrested "by reason of any informality or refinement." In S. v. Moses,
The defendant earnestly insists that the omission of the words "with intent" are fatal and that though in fact he did understand with what offense he was charged, he ought not to be taken to have comprehended it. The words "feloniously," "burglariously" and "malice aforethought" have been held indispensable because they have no synonyms and their placed cannot be supplied, and hence are "sacramental words," as they have been styled. S. v. Arnold,
We do not, however, approve of the departure here made from the customary form of words used for charging this offense, though we hold that it does not vitiate the bill. It is passing strange that any prosecuting officer should be negligence or inadvertence depart, especially in so important a case, from the forms so long used, and run the risk (1038) of a grave miscarriage of justice and the throwing a heavy bill of cost upon the public by such carelessness. The accustomed and approved forms are accessible and should be followed by solicitors, *655 till (as with murder, perjury and in some other instances) they are modified and simplified by statute. The Code, section 1183, was enacted to prevent miscarriage of justice, but not to encourage prosecuting officers to try experiments with new forms, or to excuse them from the duty of ascertaining and following those which have been approved by long use or by statute. The object of the statute in disregarding refinements and informalities is to secure trials upon the merits, and solicitors will best serve that end by observing approved forms so as not to raise unnecessary questions as to what are refinements and informalities and what are indispensable allegations.
There is only one count in the indictment, and it is unnecessary to notice the authorities cited as to general verdicts rendered on a bill charging offenses punishable differently.
While the statute (Laws 1885, ch. 68) permits a verdict for an assault when it is embraced in the charge of a greater offense, as rape or other felony, a verdict simply of guilty and not specifying a lower offense is a verdict of guilty of the offense charged in the indictment.
No error.
FAIRCLOTH, C. J., dissents.
Cited: S. v. Perry, ante, 1023; Bank v. Hunt,
(1039)