41 N.J.L. 154 | N.J. | 1879
The opinion of the court was delivered by
The certiorari in this case brings up the proceedings of the defendants under the statute creating them a
A radical objection is interposed to these proceedings, upon the ground that the statute just mentioned is unconstitutional in a feature so important that the whole grant of power connected with it is vitiated, and all the acts of the board in pursuance of that grant are unlawful. The general provisions of the statute, so far as they need now be examined, are that it designates a portion of the township of Englewood as the “sewerage, drainage and water district of the township of Englewood,” dividing it into three sections; that it constitutes a board of seven commissioners, two to be residents and freeholders in each section, and one to be a resident freeholder in the township of Englewood, who are to be elected every five years by the male and female residents of the township, owning land in fee simple within the district; that this board is to-prepare plans and estimates of main and tributary sewers for the drainage of the district, which main sewers may extend into the neighboring township of Eidgefield, and upon the approval, by the majority of the before-mentioned freeholders voting thereupon, of the plan of main sewers, and of the issuing of district bonds to pay for constructing the same, the board is to build these main sewers and issue bonds to raise funds for that purpose; that these bonds are to be a charge upon all the real estate within the district, and are to be met, principal and interest, by a tax upon such estate, to be levied by the township assessor and collected by the township collector, as are ordinary taxes; and that the general expenses of the board are also to be paid by a like land tax.
Under these enactments the board is now proceeding with the construction of main sewers, according to an approved plan, and has issued $15,000 worth of bonds. One of the prosecutors is a freeholder and a resident of Eidgefield township, whose land there will be intersected by one of the proposed sewers; the other three are residents and freeholders of
It must be regarded as settled in this state that the legislature has no power to impose a tax upon any territory narrower in bounds than the political district of which it is a part, without having regard to the special benefits which may accrue to those upon whom it is made to fall. State, Baldwin, pros., v. Fuller, 10 Vroom 576; S. C., 11 Vroom 615.
Nor, I think, is the other proposition any more disputable, at least in this court, that where the legislature has organized a special body for a specific public work, the cost of which is to be raised in a manner expressly pointed out, and that manner is found to be unconstitutional, and no other lawful means of defraying the expense exists, the right of the body to act fails, and its proceedings will be set aside. State, Gaines, pros., v. Hudson County Avenue Commissioners, 8 Vroom 12; State, McClosky, pros., v. Chamberlain, 8 Vroom 388; Coster v. Tidewater Co., 3 C. E. Green 54, 518.
The defendants are therefore driven to the only position upon which a decision adverse to their claim has.not been already rendered by this court, that the district wherein the tax is to be levied is, by the statute, made a political district, and hence the tax is constitutional.
The political divisions of the state are those which are formed for the more effectual or convenient exercise of political power within the particular localities. Originally, counties and townships, in which a uniform state policy is observable, composed this class almost or quite exclusively. Then, as population became denser in certain places, and there was
The statute under which the defendants are acting does not establish such an organization. The board of commissioners is constituted a corporation, and is invested with some control over a defined territory, but with the inhabitants of that territory, as such, it has no concern. It is formed, not for the public advantage, but in the interest of a particular class — the land owners of the district. Its chief end is not the government of the persons and things within its territory, but mere land improvement at the expense of the land, either by general tax or special assessment; and the electors of the district have no voice whatever in its corporate affairs, the choice of com
My conclusion therefore is, that this statute does not create a political district; that, consequently, the general tax which it aims to authorize is unconstitutional, and that, the right to tax failing, the power to build the main sewers and drains, which rests upon it, is so imperfect that it also must fail.
The proceedings of the commissioners for the construction of these main sewers and drains are therefore set aside.