679 S.W.2d 268 | Mo. | 1984
Lead Opinion
ORIGINAL PROCEEDING IN PROHIBITION
Relator David S. Tyron seeks to prohibit respondent, the Honorable Donald L. Mason, Judge of the Circuit Court of Jackson County, from trying him for second degree burglary and obtaining by fraud a schedule II controlled substance. Relator alleges that under the Interstate Agreement on Detainers, §§ 217.490-217.520, RSMo Supp. 1983 [hereinafter, the Agreement], Missouri authorities were required to bring him to trial on these two criminal felony charges within 180 days after he requested a final disposition of all untried charges pending against him in Missouri.
On April 16, 1984, this Court issued its preliminary order directing respondent to take no further action in this cause. We now quash the preliminary order.
The record reveals the following chronology of events. While relator was free on bond in Missouri pending further action on the two criminal felony charges, he was arrested in Missouri on a Kansas warrant for violating the terms of his Kansas probation.
After relator began serving his Kansas sentence, he received notice on December 20, 1982, that a detainer had been lodged against him by. Missouri authorities for his return to Jackson County for disposition of the second degree burglary charge. Seven days later relator had written notice served upon the Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Jackson County.
On January 10, 1983, the Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Jackson County notified Kansas authorities that he planned to take custody of the relator on or about February 8, 1983. This plan was never carried out because on January 14, 1983, Kansas authorities informed Missouri that they could not release the relator as long as he remained subject to the call-back power and jurisdiction of the Kansas trial court. The 120-day call-back period was due to expire on April 1, 1983.
The Kansas authorities on May 5, 1983, forwarded to the appropriate Missouri authorities another offer to deliver temporary custody of relator. Relator was returned to Missouri on July 7, 1983, and was scheduled to stand trial the second week of September, 1983.
Both parties agree that relator’s request on December 27, 1982, was sufficient to trigger the running of the 180-day speedy trial period. Absent the tolling of the 180-day period, relator had to be brought to trial on or before June 27,1983. Article VI of the Agreement states that “... the running of the time periods shall be tolled whenever and for as long as the prisoner is unable to stand trial _” (our emphasis).
The dispositive issue in this ease is whether relator was unable to stand trial in Missouri during the 120 days he remained subject to the jurisdiction and call-back power of the Kansas trial court. Relator is correct in asserting that this Court has the jurisdiction and authority to determine whether he was unable to stand trial; however, he would severely limit our ability to exercise this authority. He contends that the tolling provision of Article VI comes into effect only when the prisoner’s inability to stand trial results from some bar to his physical presence at trial—such as the prisoner’s lack of mental competence or his being subject to the compulsory process of another jurisdiction.
We have been unable to find any authority which limits the circumstances under which a prisoner will be deemed unable to stand trial to the narrow and exclusive list of circumstances offered by the relator. See State v. Ivey, 410 So.2d 636 (Fla.App.1982); State v. Wood, 241 N.W.2d 8, 13 (Iowa 1976); People v. Bentley, 121 Mich.App. 36, 328 N.W.2d 389, 394 (1982). To advance the argument that the refusal of Kansas prison authorities to release him was not a bar to his physical presence at
We hold that for the duration of the 120-day call-back period, throughout which time Kansas authorities expressly refused to release relator to the temporary custody of the Assistant Prosecuting Attorney of Jackson County, he was unable to stand trial in Missouri. The 180-day speedy trial provision was tolled and did not begin to run until April 1, 1983. Consequently, Missouri authorities had until September 27, 1983, to bring him to trial.
Our preliminary order in prohibition is quashed.
. Article III(l) of the Agreement contains a 180-day speedy trial provision. In essence, the Agreement requires a state that has lodged a detainer against a prisoner serving a term of imprisonment in another state to bring him to trial within 180 days from the time the prisoner requests a final disposition of all untried charges pending against him in the state demanding his return.
. Article V(3) requires a dismissal of all untried charges with prejudice when Article Ill’s 180-day speedy trial provision has been violated.
. The record does not reveal the offense for which he was placed on probation in Kansas.
. Kan.Stat.Ann. § 21-4603(3) (1981) provides in relevant part:
Any time within 120 days after a sentence is imposed or within 120 days after probation has been revoked, the court may modify such sentence or revocation of probation ....
We note that in State ex rel. Owens v. Hodge, 230 Kan. 804, 641 P.2d 399, 405 (1982), the Kansas Supreme Court held this statute reflected the clear intent of the Kansas Legislature to make the sentencing of an individual a seri
. The relator’s notice complied with the requirements of Article III(l). See State ex rel. Hammett v. McKenzie, 596 S.W.2d 53, 56 (Mo.App. 1980).
. The record made available to us does not reveal the exact day on which the relator was scheduled to be tried. However, in light of our holding in this case, the precise day on which he was to be tried is not critical to the resolution of the question presented. The critical fact is that the relator was scheduled to be brought to trial before September 27, 1983.
. Both parties concede that the time which has elapsed since the relator filed his motion to dismiss is not to be counted in determining the expiration of the 180-day period. See State v. Carpenter, 24 Wash.App. 41, 599 P.2d 1, 4 (1979).
Dissenting Opinion
dissenting.
The purpose of the Agreement on De-tainers, § 217.490 et seq., which was adopted by the legislature at the same session as the 1971 amendment to the Uniform Mandatory Disposition of Detainers Law, § 217.450 et seq., State ex rel. Kemp v. Hodge, 629 S.W.2d 353, 354-55 (Mo. banc 1982), is to provide cooperative procedures to encourage the expeditious and orderly disposition of untried charges, thereby avoiding the uncertainties which obstruct programs of prisoner treatment and rehabilitation. Article I. Article IX provides that the Agreement be liberally construed. Missouri courts have interpreted the Agreement and the companion Uniform Mandatory Disposition on Detainers Law, strictly against the state. State ex rel. Kemp v. Hodge, supra; State ex rel. Saxton v. Moore, 598 S.W.2d 586 (Mo.App. 1980); State ex rel. Hammett v. McKenzie, 596 S.W.2d 53 (Mo.App.1980).
As noted in People v. Bentley, 121 Mich. App. 36, 328 N.W.2d 389 (1982), cited by the principal opinion, there is a split of authority as to the appropriate sanction to be imposed when the officials of a custodial state do not comply with the mandate of Article III(c). At one end of the spectrum, no sanction is held to be imposed and the legislative enactment providing for a speedy trial is construed as directory. State v. Clark, 222 Kan. 65, 563 P.2d 1028, 1032 (1977). At the other end, the receiving state has been held to have the burden of establishing compliance with the Agreement’s provisions by the sending state, and upon failing to meet that burden must dismiss the charges. People v. Lincoln, 42 Colo.App. 512, 601 P.2d 641, 644 (1979).
In my view, to permit the 180 day period to be tolled in this case undermines the purpose of the Agreement. The 180 day provision of Article III(l) of the Agreement contains the proviso that “for good cause shown in open court, the prisoner or his counsel being present, the court having jurisdiction of the matter may grant any necessary or reasonable continuance.” (Emphasis added.) In this case, the state requested no continuance, although it had been notified of the Kansas refusal to deliver relator in ample time to do so. Having failed to avail itself of the saving provisions of the statute, the adverse consequences of the Kansas refusal should be visited upon the state and not upon relator.
I respectfully dissent.