101 Wash. 561 | Wash. | 1918
This is an appeal from an order of the superior court of Snohomish county, granting a
The record discloses that the city of Everett is a city of the first class, operating under a freeholders’ charter duly adopted by its electors. The charter creates a commission form of government. Three commissioners are provided for—a commissioner of public works, a commissioner of safety, and a commissioner of finance—who together comprise the city council and who, in addition to having legislative functions, are charged with the executive administration of the city’s affairs. The charter also provides for the method of legislation known as the initiative. This method, in so far as it is material here to inquire, authorizes the submission to the city council of proposed legislation in the form of ordinances, by a definite number of the qualified electors of the city, which the council may either pass without alteration under its legislative powers or submit to the electors of the city at a general or special election, when, if an affirmative vote is in its favor, it thereby becomes a part of the city’s laws (Charter, art. 4, §§ 22, 23; art. 11, §§ 87, 88, 93).
Pursuant to the foregoing provisions of the city charter, a proposed ordinance was duly submitted to the council relating to the city’s fire department. The department then consisted of one chief, one assistant chief, four captains, four lieutenants, one engineer, one assistant engineer, six auto drivers, seven pipemen, and one master mechanic, organized as a single platoon, the members remaining constantly on duty save
It further appears that the city council and the members thereof, having the duty so .to do, refused to increase the number of the members of the department as required by the ordinance, and refused otherwise to carry out its provisions. As a reason for so refusing they set up in substance that, before the adoption of the ordinance, the city council had made its estimates and its tax levy to meet the expenses of the city government for the year 1917; that, in this estimate and levy, it had provided for the fire department the sum of $36,147, and for a contingent fund the sum of $1,000, all of which was not more than sufficient to maintain the department as it then existed; that to increase the department as required by the ordinance would cost approximately $10,000, and that they had no means of providing for this additional expense; that the city was then indebted in a sum exceeding its constitutional limitation, and could not legally incur a further indebtedness; and that, for these reasons, the obligation necessary to be incurred to carry out the provisions of the ordinance would, in their judgment, be illegal.
Certain preliminary objections were made to the proceedings prior to answering by the appellants, all of which were waived in this court, save the objection to the relator’s capacity to maintain the proceeding. In his petition the relator averred that he was a mem
The benefit to accrue to the relator by putting in force the provisions of the ordinance are indirect, it is true. But it is a substantial benefit nevertheless. It will lessen his hours of labor, the number of hours he is required to remain continuously on duty without
On the merits of the controversy, the principal contention for reversal is that the writ compels the doing of an unlawful act. It is not asserted, of course, that the duty to enforce the provisions of an ordinance duly and legally enacted is discretionary with the city officers. On the contrary, it is conceded that it is their imperative duty so to do if the means lie within their power. The obligation is denied in this instance because beyond the officers’ powers. The reason is founded on the allegations of the answer, to the effect that the ordinance could not be enforced for the year 1917 without the expenditure of approximately $10,-000; that the city had made its appropriations and tax levies for that year without taking into account this expense, and is therefore without authority to provide for it by additional levies; that the city had reached the debt limit permitted by the constitution and statutes and could not legally incur an additional indebtedness ; and that, for want of means, or power to procure means, the enforcement of the ordinance is an impossibility.
But however sound this reasoning might be when applied to a proper state of facts, we think it unsound in the particular instance because unfounded in its principal assumption. This court early laid down, and has since consistently adhered to, the rule that the limitation on indebtedness of municipalities imposed by the constitution was inapplicable to such obligations as were made mandatory by that instrument or were
That an efficient fire department is an essential for the protection, and therefore for the existence, of a municipality of the first class does not need argument to demonstrate. Indeed, in Gladwin v. Ames, supra, we held that fire insurance on city buildings was such a well recognized method of protection that warrants issued to cover the cost of such insurance, although in excess of the city’s legal debt limit, were valid.' For a much stronger reason are warrants valid issued under like circumstances to maintain a department for the extinguishment of fires. In Lynch v. North Yakima, 37 Wash. 657, 80 Pac. 79, 12 L. R. A. (N. S.) 261, and in Cunningham v. Seattle, 40 Wash. 59, 82 Pac. 143, 4 L. R. A. (N. S.) 629, we held the fire departments of municipalities to be governmental agencies for the negligent conduct of which by the employees in charge a municipality was not liable in damages; a holding in principle that they were necessary governmental functions. Without pursuing the inquiry further, therefore, we conclude that the maintenance of a fire department in the city of Everett is a necessary governmental function for which the city authorities may incur an indebtedness without violating the prohibition -of the constitution limiting the indebtedness of munie
It is contended further, however, that, while a fire department may be a necessity, a double platoon system in such a department may not be a necessity, and whether it is so or not is within the province of the courts to inquire. But the rule is hardly as broad as the contention implies. While it is within the province of the court to inquire whether a fire department is such a necessity as to authorize the incurrence of an indebtedness for its maintenance beyond the legal limit, it will not ordinarily inquire into the character of the department the city maintains. This is a question within the discretion of the city authorities, whose decision will be disturbed only where there is a manifest abuse of discretion, an abuse so gross that it cannot be said that reasonable minds might reasonably differ thereon. The fact that the electors of the city here in question have concluded that a fire department with a double platoon system is a necessity for adequate fire protection does not carry on its face any presumption of unreasonableness, and nothing is alleged or shown that would indicate that it is unreasonable.
Other questions are touched upon in the arguments, but the conclusion reached on the questions discussed is conclusive of the objections urged and further consideration is unnecessary.
The judgment is affirmed.
Ellis, C. J., Chadwick, Mount, and Holcomb, JJ., concur.