State ex rel. Stundahl v. Richardson

Aug 14, 1885

Reporters:: , ,
Before:: Vanderburgh

Vanderburgh, J.

In order to give the executive of the state jurisdiction to issue his warrant for the surrender of an alleged fugitive from justice, upon the requisition of the governor of another state, three things are еssential under the act of congress, (U. S. Rev. St. § 5278:) (1) He must be demanded by the executive of the state from which he fled; (2) a copy of an indictment found, or an affidavit made before a magistrate, сharging him with having committed the crime specified; (3) such copy of the indictment or affidavit must acсompany the requisition, and be certified as authentic by the executive of such state. If thesе requisites are complied with, a warrant of surrender may properly be issued, and the party сharged is properly restrained of his liberty. In the matter of Clark, 9 Wend. 212. It is not necessary that copies of the indictment, аffidavit, or other records, be annexed to the warrant. It is sufficient that ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍they be produced if the warrant be called in question, or that the jurisdictional facts are recited on the face of the warrant. People v. Donohue, 84 N. Y. 438; In the matter of Romaine, 23 Cal. 585.

The appellant, as marshal of the village of Lanesboro, made return to the writ of hateas corpus in this matter that he detained the relator, an alleged fugitive, by virtue of the executive warrant annexed to his return; and, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍no other records being produced, the case was determined by the district judge solely upon the sufficiency of such warrant.

The chief objection urged against the wаrrant is that it is insufficient in that it recites that the alleged fugitive stands charged “by complaint in the county of Minnehaha, in the territory of Dakota, with the crime” specified, but does not show that he was so сharged by indictment found or by affidavit made, accompanying the requisi-*117lion. It is contended by the appellant that the term “complaint” will, in such ease, be intended to mean a complaint upon oath, and that the executive, in the discharge of his duty, must be presumed to have found it to be suffiсient in form and substance to justify his official action in assuming to issue the warrant ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍of surrender, and we arе referred to the practice in Massachusetts, where it is held, under a state statute resembling оur own, that a warrant which recites generally that the governor is satisfied that the demand is confоrmable to law and ought to be complied with, is sufficient. Gen. St. 1878, c. 103, § 2; Kingsbury's Case, 106 Mass. 223. It is a sufficient answer to this, however, thаt in the case at bar the warrant does not contain any such general recital, and it is therеfore unnecessary for us to decide whether a warrant in that form would, by itself, be sufficient. Here thе warrant assumes to set out and recite the jurisdictional facts relied on, and the relator claims it to be insufficient in the particular mentioned, and hence, in the absence of the reсord upon which the governor acted, no justification for the officer. We think the objection well taken. It ought to have appeared in this case by the return to the writ of habeas corpus that the executive was furnished with the required copy of the indictment or affidavit duly certified ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍as authentic. As to the jurisdictional matters above referred to, the rule is held strictly.

An indictment or an information embodies а criminal charge or accusation by a grand jury, or by an officer acting under the sanction ■of an oath pursuant to law; but if the charge is not made in that iorm, then it must affirmatively appear tо have been made by affidavit. Such affidavit must, of course, be in writing, and duly certified by the magistrate befоre whom made. It may be conceded that a ■complaint is the initial proceeding in criminal prosecutions and examinations before magistrates, and that such complaint is required to be upon oath. Campbell v. Thompson, 16 Me. 117. It may, also, by itself, if the statement of the criminal charge be sufficient, ‍‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‌‍constitutе an examination so as to authorize the issuance of a warrant. State v. Nerbovig, 33 Minn. 480. And if a jurat be attachеd, and it be properly certified by the magistrate, as is frequently the case in practice, it will be essentially an affidavit. But a complaint is not *118necessarily an affidavit, nor are they in legal practice or contemplation understood as convertible terms. For, though a complaint may be reduced to writing and subscribed, it need not necessarily be certified by the magistrate, for the fact may otherwise appear by his records. And so a complaint may be merely formal, and made or entered by one who has but little, if any, knowledge about the facts, and the exаmination consist of the deposition of other witnesses,— State v. Armstrong, 4 Minn. 251, (335,) — while an affidavit, as the term is ordinarily used in such cases, is understood to be a sworn statement of facts or a deposition in writing, and to includе a jurat, which means a certificate of the magistrate, showing that it was sworn to before him, including the date and sometimes, also, the place. Young v. Young, 18 Minn. 72, (90.) In this class of cases it will be implied from the executive authentication that the certifying officer is such magistrate.

Order affirmed.