91 A. 149 | Md. | 1914
The appeal in this case is from a judgment entered on demurrer to a declaration which alleges in substance that the defendant companies maintained in one of the highways of Howard county, passing through Ellicott City, a series of poles supporting wires carrying electric current used for telephone and lighting purposes, and that one of the poles was located in front of the dwelling occupied by Harry Stansfield and his family; that projecting from this pole were iron spikes adapted and intended by the defendants for use in ascending the poles, and that the spikes, being conveniently arranged for such use, operated as an invitation to the public, and more particularly to the owners and occupiers of the abutting properties to ascend the pole by means of the spikes, whenever they might have occasion to do so for any proper purpose, and especially for the preservation of the life of animals or human beings, or for the recovery of personal property, and that, as arranged for such use, the spikes constituted also a representation that the ascent of the pole might be accomplished with safety; that the maintenance of such a series of spikes on a pole used for the support of wires carrying a high tension current of electricty, in a street or highway of an incorporated city, was negligent, unusual, antiquated, unnecessary and improper; that on March 25, 1913, a kitten belonging to the said Harry Stansfield, and a favorite pet of his infant children, climbed said pole and remained thereon, and, his children being greatly distressed at the loss of the kitten, the said Harry Stansfield relying upon said invitation and representation of the defendants, ascended the pole by means of the spikes for the purpose of recovering the kitten and satisfying his children; that on previous occasions, as the defendants well knew, various persons, including the said Harry Stansfield, had been accustomed to use the spikes to climb the pole in order to recover personal property and for other purposes; that the defendant negligently permitted the insulation on certain of *123 their wires attached to the pole and carrying a high tension current of electricity to be insufficient, although it appeared sufficient to persons who, like the said Harry Stansfield, were not familiar with electricity; and that the defendants neglected to warn him of the concealed danger, or to warn the public by sign or notice against climbing the pole by means of the spikes; that the said Harry Stansfield in ascending the pole in reliance upon said invitation and representation of the defendants, and acting (as he reasonably supposed) in accordance with the intention of the defendants in placing the spikes on the pole, and being ignorant of the hidden danger caused by the insufficiency of the insulation and by the high tension current, and without any fault or negligence on his part, accidentally came in contact with the insufficiently insulated wires and in consequence of such contact was instantly killed. Upon the case thus stated the widow and children of the deceased seek to recover damages for the loss they have sustained by this unfortunate accident.
The injury for which the suit was brought having occurred to one who had reached the place of danger by climbing the pole maintained by the defendants for the very purposes of suspending the wires at a suitable and safe elevation above the highway, the question to be determined is whether the declaration shows any violation of duty on the part of the defendants with reference to a person thus situated. While the pole and wires were located on and over a public thoroughfare they were the defendants' property and were necessarily subject to their control in order that their obligations to the public might be performed and that their own interests might be protected. The theory of the suit is that in providing a permanent and convenient means of ascent the defendants impliedly invited the public to use the pole for such purposes as the one which led to the accident. In our opinion the principle of implied invitation is not applicable to the case presented. There was no community of interest *124
between the defendants and the injured party which induced his visit to the place where he came in contact with the wires. The principle invoked does not apply to those who receive injuries on premises they have entered from motives which have no relation to the business or interest of the proprietor. Benson v.Baltimore Traction Co.,
The demurrer in the case before us admits the allegation of fact that the spikes projecting from the pole afforded a convenient method of ascent, but it does not have the effect of conceding as a conclusion of law that the plaintiff was thereby impliedly invited to visit the defendants' overhead fixtures. There could be no possible doubt in the mind of any observer that the spikes were intended for the exclusive use of those engaged in the work of keeping the equipment in order. The very nature of the appliances and of the service in which they were employed made it apparent that their use or occupation by strangers would not be in accord with the interests of those operating the franchise. It is perfectly obvious, therefore, that there was no mutuality of interest between the defendants and the deceased which would enable us to hold that his ascent of the pole was induced by an implied invitation.
In Simonton v. Light Power Co., 28 Texas Civil Appeals, 374;
There is a very broad difference between the case now under consideration, where the injury occurred at a place intended for exclusive possession by those maintaining the fixtures alleged to be unsafe, and the class of cases in which the appliances causing the injury were so placed as to be dangerous to persons who might be reasonably expected to *126
come in close proximity to them while occupying adjacent premises or positions. The case of Ziehm v. United Electric L. P.Co.,
In all of the cases we have examined on this subject in which the asserted liability was enforced the person involved in the accidents were not trespassers or mere licensees on the defendant's property, but were in adjacent positions where they might be reasonably expected to come in close proximity to the source of danger. Where, however, as in the present case, those engaged in the distribution of electric current have placed their wires above and beyond the sphere of peril to the public and to the occupants of neighboring premises, it would be subjecting them to an unduly strict responsibility to require them to provide against the possibility that their own appliances might be utilized by strangers as a means of access to the conditions which prove to be injurious.
The averments of the declaration do not, in our opinion, present a state of facts which, upon any just theory, can be held to impose liability upon the defendants, and we concur in the action of the trial Court in sustaining the demurrer
Judgment affirmed, with costs. *128