270 S.W.2d 565 | Tenn. Ct. App. | 1953
This case is before this Court upon the petition of the relator, Mrs. Mary Bucher Sprague, for a Writ of Error to the Circuit Court of Obion County, Tennessee. The suit was originally instituted as a habeas corpus proceeding against relator’s former husband, Bernard J. Bucher, for the custody of their son, Jerry Lee Bucher, who was nearly nine years old when the petition was filed on June 20, 1952. The child was born on September 28, 1943. The defendant, Bernard J. Bucher, and Mrs. Mary Sprague were married in Cape Girardeau, Missouri, in December 1941, and lived together in the State of Illinois until January 15, 1946, when they separated. They had only one child, Jerry Lee Bucher, born to this marriage, and he was about two and one-half years old at the time of the separation.
On April 29, 1946, the relator was granted a divorce from the defendant in the Circuit Court of Champaign County, Illinois, in which case the defendant was served with personal service and was represented by counsel. The grounds of the divorce were “extreme and repeated cruelty”, and she was awarded the care and custody of the child, Jerry Lee Bucher, with the right of the defendant to see the child on alternate week ends and to have the
Sometime in the early part of 1947 the defendant, Bernard J. Bucher, married his present wife, Mrs. Inez Bucher, and soon thereafter moved to Obion County, Tennessee, where he has since lived, and he and Mrs. Bucher now own and operate two restaurants in Union City, Tennessee.
The relator continued to live in the State of Illinois with her present husband, Sgt. Sprague, until June 1949 when her husband, Sgt. Sprague, was sent to Germany for a short while. The relator suggested to the defendant Bucher that she desired to take Jerry Lee Bucher to Germany, to which the defendant seriously objected, and on June 10, 1949, the defendant had the child in Union City with the permission of the Circuit Court of Cham-paign County, Illinois, for a week’s visit, as set out in the original decree, and he refused to surrender custody of Jerry Lee Bucher unless the relator signed an agreement not to move the child from the State of Illinois without permission of the Circuit Court of Champaign County, Illinois, and she further agreed not to remove the child from the United States either with the consent or without the consent of said Court. The agreement was signed, the child was turned over to its mother, the rela
Relator filed a petition in the Court of original jurisdiction in Champaign County, Illinois, to take said child to San Antonio; the defendant filed an answer; and upon the hearing an order was entered granting petitioner (relator) the right to take the child to San Antonio upon giving a $500 bond conditioned to return the said minor child to the jurisdiction of said Court upon demand of the Court. On December 22, 1951, petitioner executed a bond for $500 with two sureties thereon, one of whom qualified himself as having $6,000 worth of personal property free and unencumbered, and the other $1,000 worth of personal property free and unencumbered, with no real estate listed by either of the sureties. The bond was filed with the Clerk of the Court, and so far as this record shows was never submitted to the Trial Judge for approval. However, relator’s answer, in substance, was that she did not understand that she was obligated to show the bond to the Judge, but thought that she only had to file the same with the Clerk. On December 24, 1951, she left Illinois and went to San Antonio, Texas, where she lived with her mother until May 1952 when she returned to Illinois to see a sick relative of her husband,
Relator brought the present suit for habeas corpus against the defendant. The defendant answers alleging, in substance, that the child wanted to stay with his father ; that the surroundings in San Antonio, Texas, were not too wholesome; that the father was financially able to give the child so much more in the way of education, recreation, amusement, etc., than the mother and, in particular, that he would send the child to college if the child were left in his possession, and other changes in circumstances since the granting of the divorce in Illinois in 1946. The Trial Judge, after hearing extensive proof, determined that both the father and the mother were of good character and, in substance, equally fit to have the care and custody of said minor child, Jerry Lee Bucher, but that the father could offer the greater advantage to the child during the school months and, accordingly, adjudged that the defendant, the father, should have the custody of Jerry Lee Bucher, for the school months each year, and that the mother, Relator, should have the child during the summer months. Accordingly, a decree to this effect was entered on June 25', 1952, with the provision that the relator, Mrs. Mary Bucher Sprague, execute a solvent bond in the amount of $750 to be approved by the Judge, conditioned that she would not remove the child from the United States, and would return the child to his father by September 1, 1952, or by the time for the Fall term of school. Each party prayed an appeal from the decree, but the appeals were never perfected.
(1) Authority of the Circuit Court of Obion County to modify the terms and provisions of the divorce decree and .award of custody by the Circuit Court of Champaign County, Illinois.
(2) The adjudication by the Trial Court that the Relator was a legal resident of the State of Texas instead of Illinois as claimed by her.
(3) The .action of the Trial Court in passing upon the solvency of the bond which Relator executed in the Circuit Court of Champaign County, Illinois, before taking the child to Texas.-
(4) Sufficiency of the evidence to support the judgment of the Trial Court in awarding custody of the’minor child.
(5) The authority of the Trial Court to divide the custody of the minor child between the father and the mother.
The defendant insists that since the relator instituted the proceedings for habeas corpus that she is estopped to question the jurisdiction of the Circuit Court of Obion County to adjudicate concerning the care and custody of the minor child, Jerry Lee Bucher. To this we cannot agree because the relator, in the absence of a new adjudication by a Court of competent jurisdiction, was entitled to the custody of the minor child under the authority of the Circuit Court of Champaign County, Illinois, which admittedly did have jurisdiction of all' the parties and the subject matter, and which decree awarded
The relator contends that her present husband, Sgt. Sprague, is a citizen and resident of the State of Illinois, though now stationed for Army duty outside the continental United States in Panama, and that she as his wife is a .citizen and resident of the State of Illinois, though she is temporarily living ■ in Texas- awaiting her husband’s return from Panama. The Trial Judge found that the relator was not ,a citizen and resident of the State of Illinois, but had become a citizen and resident of the State of Texas. With this finding we respectfully disagree because we find nothing in the record to indicate a permanent change of .address. We think the explanation given by-relator for moving to Texas-, to live with her mother for reasons of economy and also to be on a more convenient Army air route from the United States to Panama for visits by her soldier husband, is reasonable and logical and there is nothing in the record to indicate that Sgt. Sprague who owns real estate in the State of Illinois, has ever .attempted to set up a legal residence at any place other than the State of Illinois. A, man may have two or more residences, but only, one domicile or -legal residence. Denny v. Sumner County, 134 Tenn. 468, 184 S. W. 14, L. R. A. 1917A, 285; Middle Tenn. Electric Membership Corp. v. State ex rel. Adams, 193 Tenn. 513, 246 S. W. (2d) 958.
West, we ,are confronted with the question of whether or not- the Circuit Judge of Obion County could hear evidence concerning-change of circumstances regarding the relator, the defendant, and the minor child, and could hear-evidence as to the best interest for the welfare of the ehildj and whether the judgment of the Circuit Court of
“When such proceedings (habeas corpus) involve the custody of children, they are not decided according to the strict legal right of the petitioner, but are dependent upon the child’s welfare.”
In State ex rel. Flench v. French, 182 Tenn. 606, 188 S. W. (2d) 603, Chief Justice Green referred to Kenner v. Kenner, 139 Tenn. 211, 201 S. W. 779, and upheld the judgment of the lower Court awarding the custody of the minor child to the mother who claimed under a judgment of divorce and award of custody from a Court in Cleveland, Ohio. However, in the same case the Court held that evidence was admissible to show any change of circumstance reflecting on the boy’s welfare, whether change in his father’s status or condition, his mother’s status or condition, or his own status or condition. In Cecil v. State ex rel. Cecil, 192 Tenn. 74, 237 S. W. (2d) 558, 560, the mother and father had been divorced in the State of Georgia and the mother given care and custody of the minor child. Six months later the father filed petition in the Court of Georgia granting the divorce seeking a change in custody, and the mother, after having
“(2) As we understand the limit of this rule, it is to the effect that where the custody of a child has been established by the decree of a foreign Court, the Courts of Tennessee will interfere to upset the effect of that foreign decree only when it is manifest that there has been such a change in the circumstances, condition and situation of the parties as makes it necessary on account of the welfare of the child, that the Tennessee Courts should interfere. ’ ’
Therefore, we hold that the Circuit Court of Obion County did have authority to hear evidence as to whether or not there had been such a change in the circumstances, status and conditions of the parties as made it necessary on account of the welfare of the child that the Tennessee Court should intervene.
The Trial Judge heard evidence which tended to show that the boy had not been getting along too well in
The relator insists that under the authority of Dunavant v. Dunavant, 31 Tenn. App. 634, 219 S. W. (2d) 910, it is unwise to divide the custody of a minor child between contending parents. This rule was reannounced in Rowles v. Reynolds, 29 Tenn. App. 224, 196 S. W. (2d) 76, 80, citing Logan v. Logan, 26 Tenn. App. 667, 176 S. W. (2d) 601, 603. To the same general effect are Stubblefield v. State ex rel. Fjelstad, 171 Tenn. 580, 106 S. W. (2d) 558. However, in State ex rel. Parker v. Parker, 191 Tenn. 564, 235 S. W. (2d) 580, a decree was expressly approved which gave a minor child’s custody to his grandparents with permission for the child to visit his mother every other week and to spend one week of each summer month with his mother. Therefore, none of the reported cases go so far as to hold that a Trial Court may not, under any circumstances, in his discretion, provide for divided custody of a minor child.
In this case, the Trial Judge both saw and heard all the parties to his cause and their witnesses, and determined that it was to the child’s best interest that he spend nine months of the year with his father while going to school, and that he spend the three vacation months with his mother, whether she be in Texas or elsewhere in the United States where her husband might be stationed by the Army. We do not find any abuse of discretion, nor do we find that the evidence preponderates .against the judgment of the Trial Judge. Assignments of Error 1, 2, 5, 6, and 7 are overruled.
While we have sustained two Assignments of Error as to the Findings of Fact by the Trial Court, we do not think these two Findings of Fact by the Trial Judge were determinative of his decision in the case and, therefore, we do not hold them to be reversible error. Code of Tennessee, Sections 10653, 10654. A decree will be entered in this Court affirming the judgment of the lower Court and taxing the costs of this appeal upon the Relator ,and her sureties.