112 Minn. 136 | Minn. | 1910
Proceedings in quo warranto to test the right of respondent, J. II. Fleming, to hold the office of special municipal judge of the city of Virginia, St. Louis county. The appellant demurred upon the ground that the petition and the writ do not state facts sufficient to constitute a cause of action.
Section 1, art. 6, of the constitution, provides that the judicial power of the state shall be vested in a supreme court, district courts, courts of probate, justices -of peace, and such other courts, inferior to the supreme court, as the legislature may, from time to time, establish by a two-thirds vote. Chapter 229, Laws 1895, was an act to establish municipal courts in incorporated cities having a population of less than five thousand inhabitants, and under the act, and its amendments, the municipal court of the city of Virginia was established and governed. Section 4, c. 271, p. 313, Laws 1899, provided for the election of a special municipal judge, whose term of office should be four years and until his successor should, be elected and qualified. E. L. 1905, §§ 124 to 146, inclusive, confirmed the several municipal courts organized and in the actual exercise of their functions, and the city of Virginia adopted the provisions of the code by the passage of a resolution, as provided by section 126. By section
The court thus established was a state court, and the judges state officers. The constitution required that all courts not specified should be established by the legislature by a two-thirds-vote. A vote of the electors of a city on the adoption of a charter is not the establishment of a court, as required by the constitution. A vote of the legislature with reference to other municipal affairs may be by a mere majority. Attention is called to this distinction in State v. Porter, 53 Minn. 279, 55 N. W. 134. The subject, and the character of the duties of municipal judges and other municipal officers, is well defined. In the one case they are in the interests of the state; in the other, confined to the interests of the municipality. The powers and duties of the courts provided for are purely and exclusively judicial. They have neither administrative nor legislative powers in the affairs of the municipality. State v. Sullivan, 67 Minn. 379, 69 N. W. 1094; State v. Dreger, 97 Minn. 221, 106 N. W. 904.
The respondent having been elected a state officer under the general law, it was not within the power of the voters of that municipality to legislate him out of office, or shorten his term of office. So far as the petition informs us, he was proceeding regularly to discharge the duties of his office, and whether he was qualified under the general law to fill the office cannot be considered in this proceeding.
Demurrer sustained and writ quashed.