81 W. Va. 184 | W. Va. | 1917
At a sale made by Jared L. Wamsley, Special Commissioner of the circuit court of Randolph comity, Hench, Drom-gold & Shull purchased the timber upon a tract of land for the consideration of twenty-four hundred dollars, paying therefor the sum of eight hundred dollars in cash, and executing two bonds for eight hundred dollars each for the deferred installments of purchase money. This sale was duly confirmed, and when the first of said purchase money bonds became due said special commissioner was directed to collect the same with its interest, hut was.required to give a bond conditioned for the faithful performance of his duties as such special commissioner before proceeding- to collect said bond.
The only ground of demurrer insisted upon is that the plaintiff does not aver that he had authority from the District Court to bring this action, and that the allegation in the declaration is not sufficient to show that he was duly appointed as such receiver by said district court. The plain
It is further insisted that even though the plaintiff was authorized to bring a suit by the district court, he cannot maintain this suit in the circuit court of Randolph county, inasmuch as he is a foreign receiver, and is without right outside of the jurisdiction of his appointment. I do not know that it can be said that a receiver appointed by a Federal- district court in the State of West Virginia is a foreign receiver. While these courts áre' created by a distinct sovereignty, and do not exist by virtue of any law of the State of West Virginia, in the exercisq of their powers they act within the confines of the state. They administer the laws of the state in the settlement of controversies within their jurisdiction. In the trial of cases in those courts juries are drawn from the' citizens of the state, the judges are residents of the state, and it is apparent that there is quite a difference between these courts and the coui'ts of another state, or even a Federal district court sitting in another state. But assuming that the Federal District Court of the Northern District of West Virginia is a foreign court, I perceive ho reason why its receiver should not be allowed to institute and prosecute a suit in the courts of this state to vindicate rights belonging to the estate committed to his charge. Under
It is next insisted that before the plaintiff should be allowed to prosecute a suit against the court’s special commissioner and his surety on his bond, leave of the court appointing such special commissioner must first be had and obtained ; and that, it not appearing in this case that the circuit court of Randolph county ever granted such leave, the suit should be dismissed. It is a sufficient answer to this contention to say that the circuit court of Randolph county itself entertained this suit; that in an equity suit brought by this plaintiff it directed and required its special commissioner to refund to the plaintiff this money now sought to be recovered; and not only did it entertain this suit for the purpose of allowing plaintiff recovery from the special commissioner and the surety in his bond the amount »f money which the court had theretofore required him to pay to the plaintiff, but neither the special commissioner, nor the court appointing him, is raising any objection to the prosecution of the suit, the objection coming only from the surety in the bond. It may be said as a general rule that where a court takes jurisdiction of- a suit brought against one of its officers, and proceeds to judgment in that suit without objection from such court, it thereby impliedly gives its permission to the prosecution of the suit. 34 Cyc. 422. As before stated, the circuit court of Randolph county has entered a decree directing and requiring its special commissioner to repay this money to the plaintiff in this suit, and the entry of such a decree by that court in effect grants to the plaintiff the right to sue the special receiver, upon his failure to make such payment.
It is also contended that, inasmuch as the whole proceeding was void in which "VYamsley Vas appointed special commissioner, and in which the sale of the timber was made and the money collected, the bond executed by the defendant was likewise void, and no recovery can be had in this case on-that bond. "We cannot give assent to such a proposition as this. The bond itself recites that "VYamsley is a special eom-
But it is said that the condition of the bond in this case is simply that Wamsley will faithfully perform his duties as special commissioner, and that the defendant in this case, being Ms surety, is entitled to have this condition strictly construed. This involves the question, what were his duties as special- commissioner? He was an agent or an arm of the court appointing him; his appointment wqs for a particular purpose; and this purpose, in so far as this purchase money bond was concerned, was to collect the same with its interest, and disburse the fund under the orders of the court. He performed that part of his duty requiring him to collect, but he failed utterly to perform the duty of disbursement which, it may be said, is a very much more important duty than that of collection. At least it is the duty, from the nonperformance of which, the liability of a surety in a bond like-this ordinarily arises. The condition in this bond'must be read in the light of the law in existence at the time it was given, and §2 of ch. 132 of the Code provides that: “Any person receiving money under any order or decree shall pay the same as the court may order, and if he fail so to do he and his sureties in his official bond shall be liable therefor. ’ ’ This provision was and is as much a part of the conditions of this bond as if it had been written therein. State v. Wotring, 56 W. Va. 394; Chambers v. Cline, 60 W. Va. 588;
It is further claimed by the defendant that to the sale made by Wamsloy of the timber, the rule of caveat emptor applied in its fullest sense. That the rule of caveat emptor applies to purchasers at judicial sales cannot be doubted. Nor is it any more open to question that when a court that is without jurisdiction makes a sale and has the purchase money in its possession, it will, upon its jurisdiction being denied and overthrown, return that purchase money to the purchaser. It will not undertake to give him good title to the property; it will not undertake to have a proceeding prosecuted in a court which does have jurisdiction for the purpose of establishing his title, or for the purpose of getting in the title; but it will, to the extent that it is able, repair the mischief that has been done by its exercise of jurisdiction which it did not possess, and this extends to paying back at least so much of the purchase money as still remains in
It is contended further that the Statute of Limitations of five years applies in this case. The argument made for the application of this statute is that the decrees under which the sale was made were void, and that the receipt and retention of the money by the special commissioner would perhaps make him liable in an action for money had and received for the use-of the plaintiff, but not otherwise. If this contention were tenable, there would be uo necessity for the de-fendent here to apply any statute of limitations, for there would be no liability upon it. But this suit is brought upon the bond, and the theory upon which it proceeds is that, while the court did not have jurisdiction of the proceeding in which its special commissioner was appointed, the defendant is es-tojiped to deny that fact, and the court has authoi’ity and right †<) decree restoration of the funds collected by it.
Another objection to the judgment of the lower court is that the plaintiff Shull was allowed to testify that he had paid $884.00 for the firm of which he was a member to Special Commissioner Wamsley, and that no part of it had ever been repaid, this testimony being given after the death of Wamsley. Whether this testimony was competent under the rule denying the right of interested parties to testify against one deceased, we need not inquire. It suffices to say in this ease that the obligation of the special commissioner and the surety on his bond is established beyond question, regardless of this parol evidence. The voucher-was introduced in evidence from which it appears that it was paid to-Wamsley. for the purpose of discharging this obligation for the purchase of the timber. It shows on its face that it was ' paid at the bank, and it bears Wamsley’s endorsement; and further, the bond itself is produced marked “paid.” This., was sufficient, we think, to justify the court in concluding that Wamsley had received this money, and it then devolved upon Wamsley or his siirety[ if they would be relieved of
The action of the court in allowing interest on the fund is also called into question. In this case the court allowed interest on the balance not paid out by Wamsley from the date of the decree entered by this court directing a restoration of the status quo. It is contended by the defendant that no interest should have been charged against Wamsley. It must be borne in mind that Wamsley was directed to pay out this fund long before that time to the creditors who were entitled to receive it, assuming that the court below had jurisdiction, but that he failed in his duty in this regard. Had he complied with that order of the court, the plaintiff here would have been subrogated to the rights of those creditors against their debtors, and would have had the benefit of the interest on the fund from the time it was paid. Ordinarily it may be, said that an officer will be liable for interest on funds in his hands from the time there is a duty upon him to pay them out. Cecil v. Clark, 69 W. Va. 641; High on Receivers, §804. In this case there was a duty upon Wamsley to pay out these funds at the time he collected them, or at least within a reasonable time thereafter. That was the court’s decree, and it was his duty to act in accordance therewith. His failure to act in that regard caused the loss' of the interest to the plaintiff here, for if he had paid out the funds to the creditors to whom he was directed to pay them, then this plaintiff, when subrogated to the rights of
"VVe find no error in the judgment complained of, and the same is affirmed.
Affirmed.