92 So. 661 | Ala. | 1922
This is an appeal from an order denying the relator's petition for writ of prohibition to restrain the judge of the Jefferson county juvenile court from enforcing an order or judgment requiring relator to provide financial support for his wife pending relator's appeal to the circuit court from a judgment of conviction of relator on the criminal charge of failing or refusing to provide for the maintenance of his wife (Gen. Acts 1915, pp. 560, 561; Gen. Acts 1919, pp. 177, 178), or otherwise exercising jurisdiction pending the disposition of relator's appeal. Upon such appeal — undetermined at the time this proceeding was instituted — the relator was assured by law a trial de novo by a jury on his demand, which demand he made in the circuit court. It is evident from the status and the averments of the petition that relator's right to a jury trial as demanded in the circuit court was not being jeopardized by that court.
The authority for the juvenile court's order requiring relator to supply funds for the support of his wife, pending his stated appeal, is found in section 4 of the act approved February 18, 1919 (Gen. Acts, p. 180), reading:
"At any time before or at the trial, or pending an appeal, upon motion of the complainant and upon notice to the defendant, no formal notice being necessary if defendant be present in court, and informed of said motion, the judge of said court may enter such temporary orders as may seem just, providing for the support of the neglected wife or children, or both, pendente lite, and may punish for violation of such order as for contempt, as provided by law for the punishment of contempts of the court in which such case is pending."
This act made amendments to parts of the act approved September 16, 1915 (Gen. Acts, p. 560 et seq.). The design in the title, as well as the body, of the act of 1915 evinced the purpose to protect wives and children from nonsupport and desertion by husbands and parents, with related provisions.
By an act approved February 19, 1919 (Gen. Acts, p. 128 et seq.), the next day after the above-mentioned amendatory act (of that of 1915) was approved, the Legislature made elaborate provisions "relating to dependent, neglected, or delinquent children in all counties" containing a population sufficient to include Jefferson county. This act does not appear to treat of a husband's obligation to his wife or establish penalties for the non-observance by husbands of such obligations as the marital relation imposes upon them under the laws of this state, particularly the act approved February 18, 1919, cited above.
On the same day these two acts of 1919 were transmitted by the Legislature for the Governor's constitutional consideration. Their enactment was practically coincident in the Legislature. The act last approved was delivered to the Governor about three hours after the delivery of the act first approved. They are in pari materia, and must be construed or interpreted together as one enactment; the presumption being against an intention to repeal the former by the latter or to introduce into such related acts inconsistency in the expression of the law. 11 Mich. Dig. Als. Rep. pp. 1102, 1103, 1114. Under such circumstances, it is the duty of the courts to reconcile any apparent in-harmony, if that may be reasonably possible.
The act approved February 19, 1919, cited ante, contains this section:
"Sec. 4. That in each and all counties in this state which have a population of as many as one hundred and fifty thousand people according to the last federal census, or which shall have such population according to any such census that may be taken hereafter, there be and is hereby created a juvenile court, which court shall have and exercise in said county the jurisdiction, function, and powers which are herein, or which may hereafter be conferred by law on said courts."
It is insisted that this section, particularly the phrase in which "herein" occurs, limited the jurisdiction and powers of juvenile courts, including that originally created for Jefferson county in 1911 (Local Acts, p. 354 et seq.) and further treated through the legislation of 1916, to such authority and powers as are defined in that act and such subsequent jurisdiction as might be "hereafter" conferred on these courts. This contention involves the acceptance of the view that the act last (the next day) approved effected the repeal of the juvenile court's jurisdiction that was exercised and illustrated in the trial of relator for the offense stated, from the judgment in which he appealed to the circuit court, as well as the withdrawal of the jurisdiction conferred by section 4 (quoted *292 first above) of the act approved February 18, 1919. The contention is unsound, requiring, as its acceptance would, the ignoring of the principle that these acts are in pari materia, and must therefore be construed to express an harmonious purpose except where their provisions are irreconcilable. The term "herein," as therein employed, is reasonably referable, must be referred, to the composite legislative expression of both these acts. When so interpreted, the section and the phrase in which "herein" occurs does not restrict the juvenile court's jurisdiction to the authority and powers defined in the last-approved act. Read together, these two enactments present no irreconcilable conflict with respect to the particular contention under consideration. The juvenile court of Jefferson county had the jurisdiction it undertook to exert in both instances, unless questioned provisions of the act are invalid for other reasons to be considered.
It is insisted that the provisions of section 5 of the act approved February 18, 1919 (Acts, p. 180), authorizing the suspension of sentence and defining the conditions thereof and the procedure therefor, are void because offensive to sections 43 and 124 of the Constitution — citing a deliverance of the Court of Appeals (Vinson v. State,
There is no necessity to determine the question on this appeal; hence we leave it undecided. If it is assumed (for the occasion only) that the provisions of sections 5 and 6 of the act are invalid, they are independent, separable in nature and in effect from the remainder of the act; and hence their invalidity would not require the destruction of the other valid and completely efficient provisions of the acts. 11 Mich. Dig. pp. 1054, 1055.
It is also insisted that section 4 of the act approved February 18, 1919 (quoted before), authorizing the juvenile court to require a defaulting husband to afford support for his wife or children, or both, pending his appeal to the circuit court from the juvenile court's adjudication of his guilt of the penal offense of nonsupport of his wife or children, is violative of the defendant's constitutional right to a trial by jury for that offense, a right that otherwise in the law is recognized and assured the defendant through a trial de novo in the circuit court. Alford v. State,
The writ of prohibition sought was well denied by the court below. Its judgment is affirmed.
Affirmed.
ANDERSON, C. J., and SOMERVILLE and THOMAS, JJ., concur. *293