| Mo. | Mar 15, 1870
delivered the opinion of the court.
This is an application for a writ of mandamus to compel the justices of the County Court of Laclede county to hold their sittings in the town of Lebanon, the original seat of justice for said county. The petition filed in the first instance conjoined the judge of the Circuit Court holding his court in that county, and also demanded that the County Court should he ordered to proceed to erect certain buildings, etc.; but that was subsequently withdrawn, leaving the proceedings solely against the County Court, as above stated.
It is wholly unnecessary, for the purposes of determining this case, to notice or examine the charges of corruption, combination, or sinister motives which have been made in the pleadings, or to particularly comment on the evidence which has been submitted, as the whole question simply turns upon the power of the County. Court, and involves the legal construction of the statute only.
It seems that the county of Laclede was organized by an act of the general assembly of the State of Missouri, entitled “ an act to organize the county of Laclede, approved February 24, 1849,” and that, by the provision of the act, commissioners were appointed to locate the seat of justice; that the commissioners, in the discharge of their duties, selected as the seat of justice for said county the tracts or parcels of ground on which the original town of Lebanon was afterwards built. The commissioners received as a donation for said county seat fifty acres of land, and on the first day of October, 1849, made report of their proceedings, accompanied by the deeds and abstracts of title to the land, to the Circuit Court, which court approved the title to the lands, and caused its approval to be entered on the records, and certified to the tribunal transacting county business for the county.
It further appears that in November, 1849, the tribunal transacting county business appointed a commissioner of the seat of justice, and caused the tracts of land so selected as the seat of justice to be laid off in town lots and blocks, and that, in the sale, block numbered two in the tract so laid off was reserved for
The question is, had the County Court the legal right to make the removal, and' order the sittings of the court to be held at a place different from the original town where the seat of justice was established?
The argument that the principal part of the business has left the old town and gone-to the railroad addition, and that tüe sitting'of the court there is conducive to the public interests, is of no consequence here. We can not be governed in our decision by any such consideration. If the power exists, the exercise of it by the County Court is discretionary, and its action is final. If, however, the court has no such power, and it has transcended the scope of its authentic jurisdiction, no question of expediency or convenience can justify its course or sustain its action.
The statutory provisions which were in operation when Laclede county was organized were not different from what has been imported into our present statutes. I shall, therefore, refer to the latter only.
The chapter in reference to the organization of counties provides for the commissioners on the seat of justice obtaining land, by purchase or donation, for the seat of justice, and requires the
By section 24 .of- the same chapter it is- provided that, as soon as1 ¡convenient .-buildings' in which to hold* the courts can be had, or a c.ourtrho.us.e and.jail erected at the established seat-of justice of, any -new .county, the courts- of such .county shall be held at such seat of justice. ’ . - '
The record- here .declares the fact- to. b.e that buildings were erected at-the original county seat, and-had been in steady and constant use for about- seventeen years. ■
Can it be said that the railroad addition to which the sittings of the court has been removed is the seat of justice, within the meaning of-the law?.-- It is -true that an addition to a town for some purposes .becomes a part of the. town itself, and, when incorporated, the municipal regulations are generally extended alike to both. But there, are. some peculiar -circumstances in-. cident to the location of a seat of justice which are -not applicable to subsequent. additions. Where donations are made as inducements-to. any particular location, they- are founded upon a supposed-.advantage that will accrue in favor of the place selected. ; Upon the idea that the county buildings will remain, and the location be .permanent, people invest their money and acquire .propertyand to ¡allow a court, .without pursuing the course provided by law, to change the sessions to some other or rival location,, would be .a breach of faith- and an act .of injustice. It.is.yery true,, there is no permanent removal, in this case ; but if-the. place for holding the- court can be changed temporarily in
By a recent amendment to its charter, the limits of the city of St. Louis have been extended so as to include Carondelet, several miles distant from the court-house. It will hardly be contended that, in pursuance of a discretion, the County Court of St. Louis county would have the power to remove the sessions of the court to Carondelet, should they think proper.
It is no answer to say that a better or more advantageous building can be procured in the new town or addition than is attainable in the original town, the county seat. It is the duty of the court to provide safe and suitable buildings for the convenience of the courts and the transaction of the public business. The statute invests them with ample authority for that purpose.
No valid or legal reason has been shown for the action of the County Court in this case, and I am, therefore, in favor of awarding the writ.
Peremptory writ ordered.