87 W. Va. 191 | W. Va. | 1920
The corporate authorities of the city of Grafton^ being a mayor and two commissioners acting under the commission form of government, refused to issue to Eoy J. Kelley, after he had obtained a state license therefor, a municipal license or permit to operate pool tables at his place of business in the city upon his offer and tender of the required tax therefor, and to approve him as a person having the qualification necessary to be intrusted with the enjoyment of such privilege. To compel the grant of such privilege he obtained, at the suit of the state, a writ commanding respondents to comply with his petition therefor or
Considering these assignments in reverse order, we notice first that respondents’ attempted justification of the refusal of the license is predicated upon the right to invoke for that purpose the police power of the city. But in that regard we call attention to and restate a rule, the frequent application of. which has made it a fixed principle of law in this state, that is, a municipal corporation possesses no essentially inherent power of that character but only such regulatory authority as has specifically been delegated to it by the state or is necessarily implied from powers expressly granted. Judy v. Lashley. 50 W. Va. 628; State v. Godfrey, 54 W. Va. 54; Improvement Co. v. City of Bluefield, 69 W. Va. 1; St. Mary’s v. Hope Nat. Gas Co., 71 W. Va. 76; City of Benwood v. Public Service Commission, 75 W. Va. 127; State v. Porter, 84 W. Va. 398, 99 S. E. 508; and the recent case of Bissett v. Town of Littleton, 87 W. Va. 127, 104 S. E. 289, involving the validity of an ordinance purporting to regulate the closing hours of pool rooms. It is necessary, therefore, to examine the extent of the statutory authority, if any is conferred upon the city, from which it can lawfully justify its action.
The ordinance invoked by the city council was passed in 1911 pursuant to the provisions of the charter then in force. Chapter 44, Acts 1899. Sections 11 and 12 of the ordinance, providing for the issuance of licenses such as the relator insists h-e
Por the.purposes of this decision it may be assumed, though not decided, that this ordinance lawfully was passed in accordance with the provisions of the charter then in force. Section 28, c. 44, Acts 1899, authorized the city council, whenever anything for which a state license was required was to be done in said citj1-, to require a city license therefor; and section 34, provided that “the council shall prescribe, by ordinance, the manner in which licenses of all kinds shall be applied for and granted.”
' The charter of 1913 (chapter 79, Acts 1913), which constitutes the present authority of the city, in section 3 provides that “all by-laws, ordinances and resolutions lawfully passed and in force in the city of Grafton under its former organization, and not inconsistent herewith, shall remain in force until altered or repealed by the commission elected under the provisions of this act.” This section requires, not only that the ordinances theretofore passed shall have been lawfully enacted, in order that they may continue in force and effect xinder the new charter, but that they shall not^be inconsistent with it. Section 19 of the charter of 1913 1 provides: “The commission shall have the right to levy and collect taxes and grant licenses; provided, however, * * * that the granting of such licenses shall not be repugnant to the constitution and laws of the United States or of this state.”
' It may also fairly be assumed, for the purpose of this decision, that the power to grant, conferred by the first portion of the section, impliedly carries with it by necessary implication the power to refuse licenses. If it does not, then clearly respondents had-no right'to refuse the license applied for by petitioner. But if it does, the same implication applies to the second portion of the section quoted, thereby making the provision that the granting of licenses shall not be repugnant to the laws of this state
Turning now to the general state law pertaining to the granting of licenses, it is apparent that prior to the enactment of chapter 102, Acts 1919, amending and re-enacting certain provisions of chapter 32, Code 1918,- and repealing others, it undoubtedly was the policy of the legislature to require, in many instances, both state and municipal licenses where the business to be carried on or the act to be done was within an incorporated city, town or village. For according to section 10, c. 32, Code 1918, “the state license mentioned in the first section (including pool room licenses) shall be issued only when authorized by the county court of the county, except * * * that when the act, occupation or business for which such state license is necessary is to be done or carried on in an incorporated city, village or town, * * * the license shall be issued only when authorized under the charter of said city, village or town, by the council or license court thereof, as well os by the county court." This section, as disclosed by the portions which we have italicized, seems not only to require a double license, but from the use of the clause, “only when authorized,” to confer upon both the county court and municipal council a measure of discretionary power in the granting of such licenses. And doubtless relying upon this section, as well as upon the charter of 1899, the city of Grafton, in order to give effect to its discretionary power, passed the ordinance of 1911 prescribing the limits or measure of such discretion. Other sections of chapter 32, prior to the amendment of 1919, recognize this double authority and discretion.
This change in policy, however, does not prevent a municipality from requiring a municipal license for anything to be done within its borders, even though a state license for the same thing is also required. Tor ‘‘whenever anything for which a state license is required is to be done within such city, town or village, the council may require a city, town or village license therefor, and may impose a tax thereon for the use of the city, town or village.” Section 33, e. 47, Code 1918. But this, when considered in connection with chapter 102, Acts 1919, amenda-tory of chapter 32, Code 1918, evidently looks only to the financial interest of the city, town or village, and confers upon it an optional authority to require a license and impose a tax even though a state license also is required. The municipality, in the exercise of its discretion, may decline to require a license for such purpose, but if it does, it has no authority to refuse to grant it upon tender of the proper license fee and presentation of the state license granted by the clerk of the county court. The only restriction placed upon the municipality in requiring such license and tax is that the fee shall not be greater in amount than the state tax imposed for the same act, unless its charter reserves to the council the right to fix the rate of such license. Section 18, c. 32, Code 1918. Other provisions of the section last referred to, empowering the municipality, when authorized by its charter, to impose a penalty upon any person who, relying upon- his state license, attempts to do the thing therein licensed without first obstaning a license therefor from the municipality within whose borders the thing is to be done, are merely in aid of the collection by the municipality of its own license taxes, when it elects to require such a' license under the permissive statutes above referred .to.
From a consideration of these various statutes, the legislative intent to constitute the county court clerk the chief licensing authority of the county; to make the issuance of licenses by him a mandatory not a discretionary duty, subject only to the reserved power of revocation for cause: to give to a municipality authority, if it chooses to exercise it, to require licenses for the same
The municipality is protected and safeguarded against disorder or disturbance of the peace1 through its power to abate nuisances by proper proceedings, and by its right to apply to the county court to revoke a license theretofore granted.
Por these reasons we award the writ.
Writ awarded.