State ex rel. Hickox v. Widule, 166 Wis. 113

State ex rel. Hickox v. Widule

166 Wis. 113 | Wis. | 1917

Lead Opinion

The following opinions were filed June 12, 1917:

Tvekwin, J.

The questions presented by the appellant, as stated in the brief of counsel, are in substance as follows: (1) When a testator wills property in trust to be invested and a specific amount per year paid out of the net income to a designated beneficiary for’life, and such beneficiary’s interest in the estate is appraised and the statutory inheritance *115tax paid, is the yearly income received by the trustee for the beneficiary subject to taxation under the Income Tax Law of this state? (2) Are general taxes paid on nonproductive property a proper deduction under the Income Tax Law ?

Counsel for appellant assign the following error: The court erred in holding that the assessment of $6,500, received by the executor in 1914 as income from the trust estate in question, was void for the reasons: (1) that the executor was not entitled to a deduction of $1,953.51 on account of taxes paid on nonproductive property; (2) that the executor was not entitled to a deduction of $5,000 on account of the payment of this sum to testator’s widow in accordance with the provisions of the will; (3) that the income received by the testator, as such, during the year 1914 was $8,860.92, from which he was entitled to no deduction except $2,360 for interest paid on existing indebtedness of the estate and necessary expenses in producing the income, leaving a net taxable income of $6,500.

We are of opinion that the error is well assigned.

1. It is perfectly clear under the statute that the deduction claimed on account of taxes paid on nonproductive property was not allowable. Sub. (h), sec. 1087m — 4, Stats. This statute allows deductions for “Taxes paid by such persons during the year other than inheritance taxes upon the property or business from which the income hereby taxed is derived.” It is without dispute that the taxes sought to be deducted in the instant case were not paid upon property or business from which the income was derived.

2. A majority of the court is of the opinion that the yearly income received by the trastee, less the deduction made of $2,360, was subject to taxation under the Income Tax Law; but no four justices agree upon the reasons for their conclusions, hence none can be given.

Bp the Qourt. — The judgment of the court below is reversed, with costs, and the cause remanded with instructions *116to affirm the levy of the tax made by the assessor.and affirmed by the tax commission.

Concurrence Opinion

Maeshall, J.

(concurring). Because of some changes in the statute, the question here, in respect to which the justices are divided, as to the proper solution of it and again as to the reasons for the conclusion reached by the majority, may not arise again. However, I prefer to state, of record, my reasons for such conclusion. I think the decision is right, tested by the plain letter of the statute, and right by the previous decisions of this court, so far as the subject has been dealt with.

In what I shall say, the prospective annual payments out. of income will be treated as annuity payments, though tech- . nically not such, but that is immaterial.

The income of a trust fund received by an executor is liable to an income tax under sec. 1087m — 10, Stats. State ex rel. Field v. Widule, 161 Wis. 393, 154 N. W. 696; Field v. Milwaukee, 161 Wis. 393, 154 N. W. 698; and State ex rel. Kempsmith v. Widule, 161 Wis. 389, 154 N. W. 695, did not deal with that-question. The subject there, particularly treated in the latter case, was whether the annuitant, who had paid an inheritance tax on the value, in prmsent% of the prospective payments, was assessable for an income tax on the payments when received. That was resolved in the negative on the plain words of the statute, reference being1 had to sec. 1081- — 1, Stats. 1913, providing that an inheritance tax shall he assessed on “any transfer of property, . . . or income therefrom in trust or otherwise;” sub. (4),. sec. 1081 — 1, providing that such tax shall be imposed when the beneficiary becomes “entitled, in possession or expectancy, to any property or the income thereof,” by transfer by will or the intestate laws of the state; sub. 1, sec. 1087 — 5, providing that the inheritance tax, subject to some exceptions, “shall be due and payable at the time of the transfer;” sub. 4,. *1175, sec. 1087 — 15, providing for valuation, in prcesenti, of the right to receive an inheritance, the possession and enjoyment being postponed; sec. 1087 — 9, affording the beneficiary, in such a case, the right to postpone payment of the tax until acquirement of the property in possession, or to pay at the time of transfer of the right; and sub. (i), sec. 1087m — 4, expressly exempting from income taxes “all inheritances, devises and bequests received during the year which are subject to and have complied with the inheritance tax laws of the state.” That left untouched the question now raised and it was expressly reserved by the words “Whether the income of the estate paid ... to the annuitant should form part of the taxable income” to the trustee “is not affected by what is here’ decided.”

The question so reserved is expressly dealt with by sub. 5,, see. 1087m — 10, which requires every person acting in a fiduciary capacity to return the amount of income received by him as such during the year and that he “shall be liable to assessment and taxation therefor, subject to the deductions and exemptions provided in this chapter” (referring to see. 1087m — 4 as to deductions which, at the time of the tax here [see Stats. 1913], specified, at sub. (i), “All inheritances, devises and bequests received during the year which are subject to and have complied with the inheritance tax laws of this state;” and referring to sec. 1087m — 5 for exemptions, which does not include the particular matter), and followed,, as a concluding part of the sentence by these ■ significant words: "provided, that such deductions or exemptions have not been claimed by or for such person, ward or beneficiary in another capacity

To overlook the quoted condition in connection with the proviso, would naturally lead to a misunderstanding of the legislative purpose. There is the condition that “All inheritances, devises and bequests received during the year which are subject to and have complied with the inheritance tax *118laws of tbis state” wbicb is true of tbe particular inheritance, the annuitant having paid an inheritance tax on the full value, in prcesenii, of her prospective annual payments, and the saving words to the effect that, the condition shall not apply and the trust fund income less expenses of administration shall be dealt with in its entirety, if the deduction, to wit, in this case, the annuity payment has “been claimed” by the annuitant “in another capacity

The particular .payment to the annuitant being exempt from an income tax in her hands, and it having been paid to her for the year previous to the one in which the return was made, it must be presumed, since the case proceeded from the start on that theory, that she did not return the same for income tax; in other words that she claimed it as a deduction in her capacity as a beneficiary who, as to such payment, had “complied with the inheritance tax laws of this state” as provided in sub. (i), sec. 1087m — 4, Stats. 1913. Having done so, according to the plain language of the above quoted proviso, in sub. 5, sec. 1087 — -10, the executor was not entitled to deduct such payment from the income received by him as a fiduciary. It was subj ect to an income tax in his hands as the tax commission held.

In dealing with the subject here discussed, danger of confusion and error would exist if the income of the trust fund were not considered apart from the corpus of such fund. They are entirely separate. The fact that an inheritance tax is assessable upon the value, in prcesenti, of the prospective payments to the annuitant out of the income, does not militate against assessment of such a tax upon the corpus; each, as a separate thing, is so assessable under sec. 1087 — 1.. There is nothing in the statute warranting the deduction of the value, in prcesenti> of the future income thereof or therefrom and only assessing a transfer tax upon the residue. Otherwise the entire principal of the fund might be in excess of the present value of the prospective future payments out of the income thereof and such principal finally go to the re-*119maindermen free from any inheritance tax. The statute contains a complete system for inheritance taxes upon the principal of an estate, and where it is held in trust for payment of income to some person or persons, but ultimately to go to another, for an inheritance tax upon the whole estate, and upon the prospective income also, payment, whether of principal or income, to be postponed until right of possession and enjoyment commences with the option to have the future prospective benefits appraised and to pay the tax presently on the value so fixed. Sec. 108? — 9. So, in this case, though the annuitant has paid an inheritance tax on the value of the prospective annuity payments, those who will be entitled to take the principal when the time arrives for them to come into possession thereof, will he chargeable with an inheritance tax thereon.

Thus it will he seen that the position of counsel for respondent, that appellant’s claim, if allowed, will result in double taxation, in that it will impose an inheritance tax and also an income tax on the bequest to Mrs. Field is untenable. The value of the prospective annuity payments, as before indicated, is no part of the corpus. It is a thing of itself. The inheritance tax upon that, expressly exempts it from income taxes against the annuitant. The former is exempt from income taxes, while the latter is not. The tax as to him is part of the expense of administration. In case of its resulting in not leaving sufficient net income to pay the annuity, which is not the case here, the beneficiary would, logically, not receive the full amount of her bequest, because it is to be paid out of the net income.

Concurrence Opinion

Siebeoker, J.

(concurring). I concur in the result of the decision of this ease upon the ground that the tax commission properly assessed an income tax on the $6,500 in*120come in tbe bands of tbe testamentary trustee under tbe will of Samuel A. Eield, deceased. In arriving at this conclusion, I conclude that within tbe decision of this court in State ex rel. Field v. Widule and in Field v. Milwaukee, both reported in 161 Wis. 393, 154 N. W. 696, 698, an income tax is assessable against tbe trustee under tbe reservation in tbe court’s opinion in State ex rel. Kempsmith v. Widule, 161 Wis. 389, 154 N. W. 695, decided at tbe same time tbe Field Gases were decided, and which case, as pointed out by tbe court, ruled tbe Field Cases.

I am, however, constrained upon re-examination of tbe question determined in tbe Field and Kempsmith Cases to call attention to what I am now persuaded is an erroneous construction of tbe inheritance and income tax laws as applied in those cases. It was held, as is accurately and fully expressed in tbe syllabus of tbe Kempsmith Case, that

“Tbe yearly payments to an annuitant by trustees out of tbe income of property given to them by will for that purpose are not taxable as income of the annuitant, where the inheritance tax ivas duly paid upon the interest of the annuitant in the estate of the testator. Such an annuity is subject to the Inheritance Tax Law, and tbe value in prcesenti of tbe right to receive it may properly be appraised under sub. 4, 5, see. 1087 — 15, Stats.”

I am of tbe opinion that tbe legislative intent expressed in the statutes governing those decisions is that “tbe yearly payments to an annuitant, by trustees out of tbe income of tbe property given to them by will for tbe purpose” are taxable as income in tbe bands of tbe trustee or annuitant, and that an inheritance tax paid by such an annuitant, based on the value of the ñght to receive it at tbe time of tbe testator’s death, does not operate to exempt tbe trustees or annuitant from income taxation under sub. (i), sec. 1087m — 4, Stats. Tbe court in tbe opinion in the Kempsmith Case, following the Nunnemacher Case, 129 Wis. 190, 108 N. W. 627, and *121Estate of Bullen, 143 Wis. 512, 128 N. W. 109, declared that the inheritance tax is not a tax upon property bnt upon the right to receive property. In the case of State v. Pabst, 139 Wis. 561, 121 N. W. 351, it was recognized that the provisions of onr Inheritance Tax Law were substantially those of the New York transfer tax law, and the construction given the law by the court of New York is to be resorted to for aid in administering the law by the courts of this state, and the case of Matter of Westurn, 152 N. Y. 93, 46 N. E. 317, was followed in this:

“The devolution of the property and the right of the state have their origin at the same moment of time. The ascertainment of the value of the taxable interest and the fixing of the tax necessarily takes place subsequent to the death. But the guide is the value at the time of the death, when the interests were acquired.”

It is also held in the Pabst Case that the statute requires “that the tax at the prescribed rates shall be upon the clear market value of the property transferred, exclusive of the exemption. The context of the law expresses as its purpose and object that the tax shall be imposed on the transfer at the time of the death of the decedent and rest as a lien on the property so transferred until paid.” Sub. 1, sec. 1087 — 5, provides, “. . . every such tax shall be and remain a lien upon the property transferred until paid, and the person to whom the property is transferred and the administrators, executors and trustees of every estate so transferred shall be personally liable for such tax until its payment.” The clear implication of this provision and the whole scheme of the administrative provisions of the statutes are that the tax is levied and rests on existing property which may be seized and taken to satisfy the tax if not paid. The procedure of taxing officers in this and other cases before the courts shows that in administering the law they have interpreted it to mean that the tax on devolution of property by will or the *122intestate laws of tbe state must be levied upon tbe body of tbe estate wben tbe persons and corporations become beneficially entitled in possession or expectancy to tbe property or tbe income thereof, and wben sucb property is transferred by way of testamentary trusts (except those exempted) tbe transfer is subject to tbe tax as though tbe property went direct to those having a beneficial interest thereto. It is manifest from tbe terms of these provisions of tbe law that tbe tax is in fact one on tbe transfer of tbe corpus of such estate. In pursuance of this rule and practice tbe tax commissioners levied a transfer tax on tbe body *of tbe estate of Samuel A. Field, deceased, which included tbe interest Mrs. Field bad therein under tbe will granting her an annual fixed amount out of the income produced by such estate. Tbe rule adopted by tbe taxing officers is to malee the total of tbe various interests and estates which is divided equal to tbe present market value of tbe entire existing corpus of tbe estate and then levy tbe tax against tbe various interests in tbe proportion of tbe present values of each of sucb interests in tbe estate. Tbe result in tbe instant case was that Mrs. Field was required to pay her distributive share of tbe inheritance tax assessed upon tbe corpus of tbe testator’s estate as one of tbe beneficial owners thereof, which tbe county court found to be $520.20, based on tbe market value of her interest in tbe estate, namely, $32,821. I am persuaded that tbe taxing officers have executed tbe statute as tbe legislature intended, and that this court erred in its decision in tbe Kemp-smith and Field Gases in which it was held that tbe beneficial interest in tbe form of an annual income devised to the widows of tbe testators bad been subjected to an inheritance tax. I am convinced now that tbe inheritance tax paid by or on behalf of the testator’s widow as a beneficiary of tbe estate was not a tax on the value of tbe widow’s future income as part of the corpus of tbe estate, but a tax on tbe corpus of tbe testator’s estate to ascertain tbe distributive share of tbe in*123heritance tax, imposed by law on tbe devolution of tbe estate. Under tbis administration of tbe Inheritance Tax Law tbe income produced by sucb estate bas paid no inheritance tax and hence was subject to an income tax prescribed by secs. 1087 — 1 to 1087 — 3, Stats. Although tbe decisions in tbe Kempsmith and Field Oases, heretofore decided in tbis court, cannot be altered, I am of tbe view that tbis court then erred in tbe construction of tbe Inheritance Tax Law there involved and'that tbis is an opportune and appropriate occasion to correct sucb error.

Dissenting Opinion

Tbe following opinion was filed June 21, 1917:

Eschweiber, J.

(dissenting). I shall content myself with merely stating tbe conclusions arrived at from a consideration of tbe statutes involved.

1. That nothing is subject to an inheritance tax that is not so in being or existence at the time of tbe creation of tbe fund, in tbis case by tbe death of tbe testator, that it may then be considered as corpus. State v. Pabst, 139 Wis. 561, 121 N. W. 351; Estate of Bullen, 143 Wis. 512, 128 N. W. 109; Matter of Westurn, 152 N. Y. 93, 46 N. E. 317.

2. That income subsequently arising from any sucb fund or corpus which is not added to sucb fund and thereby becoming a part thereof and therewith to be subsequently paid over, is not tbe income referred to in sec. 1087 — 1, Stats., and is not subject to inheritance tax. That it was a mistaken view to bold, as was done in Field v. Milwaukee, 161 Wis. 393, 154 N. W. 698, and State ex rel. Kempsmith v. Widule, 161 Wis. 389, 154 N. W. 695, that an income sucb as was being paid to Mrs. Eield in tbis case was subject to an inheritance tax, because Mrs. Eield at tbe time of tbe testator’s *124death did not take an interest in anything then tangible or in existence.

3. That the future or contingent estates referred to in sec.'1081 — 9 and sub. 5, sec. 1081 — 15, Stats., refer to estates such as the remaindermen in this case had in the entire fund which was set aside to create an income for Mrs. Field, and that the inheritance tax upon that fund as an entirety should have been determined and ascertained as against the remaindermen who were ultimately to receive it in its full amount as it existed at the time of the death of the testator. There is no warrant in the statute for determining, for the purpose of the inheritance tax, any interest that Mrs. Field might have had by reason of the provision that she is to receive the subsequent income from such fund.

4. That the income Mrs. Field received became subject to an income tax the first and each succeeding year; but that such income could be properly taxed but once annually either as against her or against the trustee collecting or holding the same.

5. It appearing, however, that as a matter of fact she was assessed on the theory that she must pay for the present worth of what would be subsequently paid to her by way of an income of $5,Q00 year by year during her life, she thereupon was required by the state to pay and did pay a tax computed upon that present worth and therefore she did in effect pay in one lump sum her future income tax.

6. Having once paid the same, the state cannot thereafter, either from her or from any one collecting or holding the same for her, again demand in the name of an income tax that which has already been collected from her, and for that reason the judgment should have been affirmed.

Dissenting Opinion

The following opinion was filed June 25, 1917:

WiNsnow, C. J.

(dissenting). The difficulty which the court has experienced with this case is quite apparent from *125the number of opinions filed. It is only just to say that every effort was made to harmonize the differences of opinion, but without success. 1 desire to state in the form of propositions my views without attempting to argue them out.

1. The interest of the annuitant in the present case was appraised and assessed pursuant to the provisions of the Inheritance Tax Law and the tax paid. State ex rel. Field v. Widule, 161 Wis. 393, 154 N. W. 696; Field v. Milwaukee, 161 Wis. 393, 154 N. W. 698. These cases, in my judgment, were correctly decided.

2. The inheritance tax having been paid by the annuitant, the yearly annuity payments are not subject to income taxation in her hands. This is not only the definite provision of the law, but it is res adjudicata with regard to the income in question. See cases cited upon the preceding proposition.

3. Income received by an executor or trustee for the benefit of a ward or other beneficiary is liable to income taxation subject to the deductions and exemptions provided in the Income Tax Law, provided they have not been claimed by the ward or beneficiary in another capacity.

4. This proviso is, in my judgment, singularly misunderstood by some of my brethren. To my mind it means simply that the beneficiary is to have the benefit of the statutory deductions and exemptions but once. If, for instance, the beneficiary has other income, e. g. a business income or. a salary, and has claimed the benefit of his exemptions and deductions out of that income, the executor or trustee is not allowed to claim them out of the annuity income, because they have been claimed by the beneficiary in another capacity, i. e. not as the beneficiary of a trust, but in his capacity as an individual carrying on business.

This, of course, applies to such deductions and exemptions as can be claimed in another capacity, as, for instance, the exemptions for husband and wife, minor children, and dependents, enumerated in sec. 1087m — 5, Stats., or the deductions for interest paid during the year on existing indebted*126ness or the like, enumerated in sec. 1087m — 4. These may he claimed in the individual capacity by the beneficiary as an individual simply and allowed out of other income than the annuity, and if so allowed are not to be again allowed out of the annuity.

The exemption of inheritance devises and bequests in trust cannot be claimed by the beneficiary in any capacity except in the capacity of beneficiary, hence the proviso cuts no figure in the ease.

I think the judgment should be affirmed.

A motion for a rehearing was denied without costs, except clerk’s fees, on October 23, 1917.

Concurrence Opinion

Viwje, J.

I concur in the foregoing opinion of Mr. Justice MARSHALL.

Concurrence Opinion

RoseNBErey, J.

I concur in tbe foregoing opinion of Mr. Justice SlEBECKER.