State ex rel. Gabriel v. Judge of the Twenty-second Judicial District Court, No. 67

No. 67 | La. | Oct 15, 1881

The opinion of the Court was delivered by

Levy, J.

The relator applies to this Court for a mandamus to compel the Judge of the Twenty-second Judicial District Court of the parish of St. James to grant him an order of appeal from the sentence and judgment of said Court, rendered in the trial of an information against him, charging the offence of “assault with intent to commit rape.” Relator, the accused in said information, was tried by a jury, who found a verdict of “guilty of assault,” and the judge sentenced him to three months’ imprisonment in the parish jail and to the payment of a fine of twenty-five dollars, whereupon the accused moved for an appeal to this Court, which was denied.

The punishment prescribed for the offence with which accused Was charged, is fixed by the statute at imprisonment at hard labor, not exceeding two years, the punishment of assault at a fine not exceeding one hundred dollars, or imprisonment not exceeding three months, or both, at the discretion of the Court.

We are to decide, in these proceedings, whether an appeal lies to this Court, under the jurisdiction vested by the Constitution of 1879. For a proper solution of the question and to fully understand the intention of the framers of the present Constitution, we are materially aided by a consideration of the clauses of our previous Constitutions on the same subject.

In regard to the jurisdiction of this Court in criminal matters, the organic law has not been uniform. Under the Constitution of 1852, article 62 provided that the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court shall extend “to all criminal cases, on questions of law alone, whenever the offence charged is punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor, or when a fine exceeding three hundred dollars is actually imposed.”

In the Constitution of 1868 we find a very plain and material change- ' It provides, in article 74, that the jurisdiction of the Court shall extend, “in criminal cases, on questions of law only, whenever the punishment' •of death or imprisonment at hard labor, or a fine exceeding three hundred dollars, is actually imposed.” The Constitution of 1879, which constitutes the existing organic law, and whence’ the powers and juris- • diction of this Court are derived and by which -they are limited, invests it with jurisdiction in all criminal cases, on questions of law alone, whenever the punishment of death or imprisonment at hard labor may be inflicted, or a fine exceeding three hundred dollars is actually imposed.” By the Constitution of 1868, an appeal in criminal cases could only be entertained where the punishment or fine was actually imposed. The wording of article 62 of the Constitution of 1852, and of article 81 of 1879, differed in the mode or manner of expression, that of 1852 extending the jurisdiction to cases in which “ the offence charged is punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor,” &c., and that of 1879 to cases, “ whenever the punishment of death or- imprisonment at' hard labor may be inflicted,” &e. We think both these articles, although differing in mere verbiage, express the same intention and grant the same • right. Our present constitutional provision on the subject differs fofo ocelo from that of 1868, the latter limiting the right of appeal to those cases in which the punishment of death or imprisonment at hard labor, &c., is actually imposed, that is, where the sentence and judgment of the Court condemns the accused to suffer such punishment; the former • to those where, under the law governing-them, they may be inflicted;in other words, where the statute under which a party is prosecuted prescribes such punishment in the event of the conviction of the party. Under the present Constitution, we are of opinion that the appeal will lie just as it did under that of 1852, and that, regardless of the finding of the jury or the sentence and judgment of the Court, the accused is entitled to an appeal in all such cases after final judgment, although a lesser punishment is inflicted upon him, or the verdict of the jury may convict him of a. crime less than that with which he is charged in the indictment or information, when, if convicted of the greater one thus charged, he might be condemned to the punishment denounced by the' law defining the offence and its penalty. To some extent the right may' be likened to an appeal in civil cases, which is governed, not by the amount of the judgment rendered, but by that claimed in the petition. Regarding the provisions of the Constitutions of 1852 and 1879 as being' identical in meaning and conferring the same right, the decisions of the (Supreme Court having reference to the provisions of the Constitution of 1852 on that subject, are applicable to those of the present Constitution, this question being before the Court for the first time since the adoption of the latter.

In 15 An. 347, State on the relation of Cook vs. Keeper of Parish Prison, the Court said: “It is well settled that, in a criminal prosecution, this Court is without jurisdiction, unless the offence charged be punishable by death, or imprisonment in the penitentiary, or a fine exceeding three hundred- dollars has been actually imposed. And then there must be a final judgment before an appeal can be taken.”

In State vs. Slave Charles, 14 An. 649, it was held: “The right of appeal equally exists, if the accused has been charged with an offense punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor, and has been found guilty of an offense not so punishable, for article 62 of the Constitution (of 1852) does-not make the right of appeal depend upon the nature of the verdict or the punishment that may be inflicted by the 'jury, but upon the fact whether the offense charged is punishable with death or imprisonment at hard labor.” See, also, 12 Am 390.

■ Eor the reasons stated, we think the relator entitled to the order of appeal,’and that it should be granted by the District Judge.

It is, therefore, ordered, adjudged and decreed that the alternative writ of mandamus herein issued be made absolute and peremptory, and the Judge of the Twenty-second Judicial District Court in and for the parish of St. James be directed to grant the suspensive.appeal prayed for by the relator, Lucien Gabriel, and that the defendant and respondent herein do pay the costs of these proceedings.