This is а proceeding for a Writ of Prohibition and for a Writ of Mandamus brought by Hartzel Ray Foster who is presently awaiting trial on a charge of first degree murder in the Circuit Court of Barbour County. Among other points, the relator, Foster, who is an indigent, contends that the respondent has abused his discretion in failing to authorize the expenditure of adequate funds to enable his defense counsel to procure the services of experts needed to perfect his defense.
The relator was charged with murdering Arideth Mc-Henry. The entire circumstances surrounding the homicide are not detailed in the petition, but it does appear the viсtim was also alleged to have been shot by a third party, Ronald Knight. In the course of preparing for trial, the relator’s counsel determined that the services of a forensic pathologist and ballistics expert would be of potential value in showing that the relator had not fired first, as the State’s evidence seemed to indicate. He also determined that the services of a psychiatrist were *415 needed to develop his client’s psychiatric defense. A request was also made for a surveyor, who could diagram the site of the homicide. This latter claim was abandoned on appeal since the mоbile home, where the homicide occurred, had been destroyed by fire. In consulting experts in the appropriate fields, the relator’s counsel learned that their fees would be considerably in exсess of $1,000. Upon ascertaining what they would charge, he moved that the court provide him with the necessary funds. After receiving the relator’s motion, the court set a limit on allowable expert expenses at $1,000.
W.Va. Code, 51-11-8, provides for the compensation of attorneys for services and expenses incurred in the defense of an indigent and states:
“Expenses of the attorney in rendering such services, including, but not limited to, nеcessary expenses for travel, transcripts, investigative services and expert witnesses, shall be reimbursed to a maximum of five hundred dollars, unless the attorney, for good cause shown to the court, shall have received advance approval to incur expenses for a larger sum.”
It is the relator’s contention in this case that his counsel adequately demonstrated good cause for expending more than $1,000 for experts for the defense of his case and that the trial judge abused his discretion in refusing to authorize the expenditure.
It does not appear that we have had occasion to detеrmine what constitutes “good cause” under W.Va. Code, 51-11-8 that will enable an indigent defendant to receive more than the authorized statutory amount for obtaining expert services.
We note that W.Va. Code, 51-11-8, is similar to the Federal Statute providing for the payment of experts for indigents, 18 U.S.C.A. § 3006A(e) 1 except that the federal *416 act provides a $300 maximum for each expert where ours provides a $500 maximum. The Federal Courts have generally followed the view that some good cause must be shown to authorize payment over the maximum for experts and have set rather detailed procedural standards for making the determination.
They have held that the request for expert assistance must be timely made.
United States v. Bass,
State courts have under statutes somewhat similar to ours, accorded the indigent defendant the right to obtain expert witnesses in criminal cases. See,
State v. McGhee,
_ Iowa _,
In State v. Sahlie, supra, the court examined various Federal cаses and set the following procedure:
“We suggest that the following general guidelines be employed in determining when court-appointed experts are essential to an adequate defense. Initially, the request must be made in good faith. The request must be reasonable in all respects. The request must be timely and must set forth specific reasons which seem to make such services needed or necessary tо the defendant. The request must specify that the defendant is financially unable to obtain the required service himself and that such services would otherwise be justifiably obtained were the defendant financially ablе.
“The trial court should accord considerable weight to the application, but it is not in any way bound thereto. It should make an independent evaluation, taking into consideration all relevant factors. If the trial court finds the application reasonable, it should be granted, but, if it is found to be frivolous, unreasonable, unnecessary for an adequate defense, or without underlying factual support, it should be denied. In either event, the trial court should specify on the record the granting or denial of such request together with the reasons therefor.” State v. Sahlie, supra, at 480.
These guidelines are the same as developed by the Iowa Court in State v. McGhee, supra, except the Iowa Court imposed the additional requirement that the trial court afford defense counsel an opportunity to explain any factors which he may have considered in making his apрlication.
The basic principles behind statutes similar to
W.Va. Code,
51-11-8 are twofold. First, the recognition that an
*418
indigent criminal defendant, in order to have the effective assistance of counsel, may require the assistance of one or more experts to assist counsel in the presentation оf the defendant’s case.
People v. Gunnerson,
We believe that the foregoing procedural standards prоvide an orderly method for determining whether the payment of additional expert fees is authorized under W.Va. Code, 51-11-8. We therefore hold that a request for additional expert fees under W.Va. Code, 51-11-8: (1) should be made in writing; (2) the request shоuld detail why the expert is needed; (3) defense counsel should be permitted an opportunity to elaborate on the motion; and (4) in denying the motion, the trial judge should place in the record the speсific reasons for his ruling.
In evaluating the motion, the trial judge should accord considerable weight to the representations in the defense counsel’s motion but he should also engage in independent inquiry as to the need for the expert if he believes that such inquiry is necessary. In ruling on the motion, the trial judge should grant it if he determines that the assistance of the expert is reasonably necessary to defense counsеl’s development of a relevant issue in the case. Obviously, the defendant is not entitled to an expert on a collateral or frivolous issue.
*419 In the present case it is understandable that the foregoing standards were not followed since we had not developed them in any prior case. We are, therefore, issuing a moulded writ directing that the trial court hold a further hearing in accordance with these stаndards to determine the question of the award that should be allocated in excess of the statutory maximum for experts in this case. 2
Finally, it should be stressed that while we have accepted this issue under our originаl jurisdiction powers, this was done in order to resolve a substantial issue of considerable importance in the trial of criminal cases. In the future this type of issue like motion in limine rulings of a trial court are not reachable by an original writ of mandamus or prohibition. As we stated in
State v. Milam, _
W.Va. _,
We do recognize as have other courts that where good cause has been shоwn for an expert and the trial court has arbitrarily refusd the authorization for retaining one, this may result in reversible error. United States v. Chavis, supra; United States v. Bass, supra; State v. Sahlie, supra; State v. McGhee, supra.
For the foregoing reasons a moulded writ is issued to permit the trial court to conduct a good-cause hearing *420 for retention of experts in accordance with the standards set forth herein. Upon thе completion of a hearing the writ will be dissolved.
Writ as moulded, awarded.
Notes
18 U.S.C.A. § 3006A(e)(3) provides:
“Maximum amounts. — Compensation to be paid to a person for services rendered by him to a person under this subsection, or to be paid to an organization for services rendered by an employee *416 thereof, shall not exceed $300, exclusive of reimbursement for expenses reasonably incurred, unless payment in excess of that limit is certified by the court, or by the United States magistrate if the services were rendered in connection with a case disposed of entirely before him, as necessary to provide fair compensation for services of an unusual character or duration, and the amount of the excess pаyment is approved by the chief judge of the circuit.”
In considering the question of experts the trial court should give consideration to the availability of experts comparable to those to be used by the State in the geographical area where the case is to be tried. Obviously local experts are preferable unless their backgrounds and training are far inferior to the State’s experts’.
For this reason we decline to discuss defendant’s other grounds which relate to various pretrial rulings made by the court in connection with motions to suppress and other matters dealing in the substantive area of the case. These are reviewable in the event of an appeal.