delivered the opinion of the court.
Pеtroleum county was created from the eastern portion of Fergus county by a vote of the qualified elеctors, under the provisions of the New Counties Act (secs. 4390-4407, Rev. Codes 1921), and county officers were chosen аt the election held in November, 1924. The defendants herein were elected county commissioners of the nеw county and in due time the officers, including the defendants, qualified and entered upon the discharge of the duties оf their respective offices. By this action the state, through the attorney general, inquires by what warrant or authоrity the defendants assume to discharge the duties and exercise the powers of county commissioners, and thе inquiry is prompted by the fact that the Nineteenth Legislative Assembly by an Act approved March 10, 1925 (Chapter 93, . Laws оf 1925), abolished Petroleum county and vacated the offices to which defendants had been elected, if the Act is valid.
*588 Chapter 93 purports to amend sections 4318 and 4327 of the Revised Codes of 1921. Section 4318 defines the boundаries of Fergus county as those boundaries existed on March 5, 1921, and section 4327 gives the boundaries of Judith Basin county as of the same date. A comparison of the provisions of Chapter 93 with the terms of the sections sought to be amended, discloses that the only changes made in the language of either section 4318 or 4327, occur in describing a small portion of the dividing line between Fergus county and Judith Basin county at the extreme northwestern corner оf Fergus county, and the changes thus made operated to detach thirty-two sections of land from Fergus county and to attach those sections to Judith Basin county.
The validity of Chapter 93 is challenged on several grounds, only one of which need be considered. It is urged that the Act violates section 23, Article Y of our state Constitution, which dеclares that: “No bill, except general appropriation 'bills, and bills for the codification and genеral revision of the laws, shall be passed containing more than one subject which shall be clearly exprеssed in its title; but if any subject shall be embraced in any Act which shall not be expressed in the title, such Act shall be void only as to so much thereof as shall not be so expressed.” The purposes of this limita tion have been declared so often that any extended discussion of the subject at this time would be a work of supererogation. Stated briefly, those purposes are to restrict the legislature to the enactment of laws the subjects of which are made known to the lawmakers and to the public, to the end that anyone interested may follow intelligently thе course of pending bills; to prevent the legislators and the people generally being misled by false or deceptive titles, and to guard against the fraud which might result from incorporating in the body of a bill provisions foreign tо its general purpose and concerning which no information is given by the title.
(State
v.
Anaconda Copper-Min. Co.,
23
*589
Mont. 498,
The language of the Constitution is toо plain to admit of doubt as to its meaning. It means just what it says: The title of a bill must express clearly the subject treated in the body of the bill. The title to Chapter 93 is, “an Act to amend sections 4318 and 4327 of the Revised Codes of the state оf Montana 1921, relating to changing the boundaries of Fergus and Judith Basin counties.” As observed heretofore, sectiоn 4318 defines the boundaries of Fergus county as they existed on March 5, 1921, but prior to the enactment of Chapter 93, section 4318 had spent its force and was not in effect on March 10, 1925, for by the creation of Petroleum county оut of the eastern portion of Fergus county, the boundaries of Fergus county as given in that section had been changed completely. Furthermore throughout Chapter 93 there is not a suggestion that Petroleum county was to be affected; no reference is made to the public property belonging to that county, nor to the оbligations which it had incurred and were outstanding. Indeed, Petroleum county is not mentioned in the entire Act, and a person, even though he be a skilled engineer, not personally familiar with the location of the lower Musselshell River and with the location of the township and range lines on the ground, must employ a map and township plats and mаke a critical examination of the description contained in section 1 of Chapter 93 with reference to the map and plats, in order to ascertain that Petroleum county has been affected in the least. However, by the use of a map and the plats and by following critically the metes and bounds given in section 1, it will be found that Petroleum county was completely swallowed up,—its entire area included within the boundaries of Fеrgus county. Can it be said, then, reason *590 ably, that the title “An Act to amend sections 4318 and 4327 of the Revised Codes of the state of Montana 1921, relating to changing the boundaries of Fergus and Judith Basin counties,” expresses clearly, or at all, a legislative purpose to abolish Petroleum county 1 To ask the question is to answer it in the negative.
The subject is treated so thoroughly by the supreme court of Alabama in
State ex rel. Bassett
v.
Nelson,
It is our conclusion that so much of section 1 of Chapter 93 as assumed to define the boundaries of Fergus county and include therein the entire territory embrаced in Petroleum county is void, and that Petroleum county is not affected in the least by the Act.
The demurrer interposed by the defendants is sustained and the complaint is dismissed.
Dismissed.