State ex rel. Faber v. Hinkel

131 Wis. 103 | Wis. | 1907

Dodge, J.

1. This case presents for consideration the construction of ch. 296, Laws of 1885, now in substance embodied in secs. 1548, 15486, Stats. (1898), with reference merely to the inclusion or exclusion ofithe city of Milwaukee under its application. That act, by the first section, now sec. 1548, provided for the granting of licenses by village or town boards and common councils of the respective towns, villages, and cities, and provided that the sum to be paid for such franchises, “subject to the right to increase the same as in this chapter provided,” be in cities $200, and contained various provisions as to the method of granting and the term of the license, the giving of bond, etc. By sec. 3, now sec. 15486, it was provided that the electors of the several cities, villages, and towns in the state may hold special elections for the purpose of determining the amount to be paid for license, and, for that purpose, it was made the duty of the city clerk of every city, on request to him in writing by at least twelve qualified voters, to forthwith give notice of a special election for that purpose to be held on the third Tuesday of September. The section prescribed the manner of holding the election, the form of ballots, and provided that the amount to be voted on might be either $200, $350, or $500, the figure receiving the highest number of votes to be held and considered the sum to be paid for such license within said city for the three years succeeding the first Tuesday in May thereafter.

Erom the original organization of the state, and indeed before, Milwaukee had existed under a special charter which conferred power upon the board of aldermen with reference to licenses. At some periods of time the amount of the fee had been specified by statute, and at other times a maximum and minimum had been specified within which the aldermen might fix it. The charter had persistently contained, and still does contain, the provision that the general powers granted to the common council should exist, “anything in any general law of this state to the contrary notwithstanding;” and, also, “No general law of this state, contravening the provisions of this act, shall he considered as repealing, amending or modifying the same, except such purpose he expressly set forth in such law.” Meanwhile various statutes had been enacted with reference to the granting of liquor licenses generally in the state, either fixing the fop or fixing limits within which it might he varied hy local authorities, and had uniformly been deemed not to control the subject in Milwaukee, nor, indeed, in other cities in the state having special charters with express provision on the subject. Tú 1882, by ch. 322, a somewhat general revision of the subject throughout the state was had fixing the limits between $75 and $200. In 1883, by ch. 307, the charter of Milwaukee was amended by striking out the limits of the license fee existing therein and inserting the following: “Provided, the amount to be charged for any such license shall not, in any case, be less than the minimum sum nor more than the maximum sum required by the general laws of this state to be paid for like licenses in its towns and villages of the state, under the general laws, which are hereby made applicable to all licenses granted hereunder.” And such provision still continues in force.

The conclusion seems to us unavoidable that the amendment to the charter in 1883 was intended to so limit and modify the clauses therein excluding from application to Milwaukee all general laws not expressly declaring a purpose to amend its charter, to the extent that all general laws affecting liquor licenses shall not be so excluded unless in themselves showing a legislative purpose not to apply to Milwaukee. In the act of 1885 we can discover no evidence of such intent. By its terms it applies generally to the cities of the state, and Milwaukee is in that category. That the legislature intended the act to affect cities having special charter provisions on the subject of licenses is indicated by the provision in the last section that the act shonld not serve to lower any existent license fee established by charter or ordinance in any city. In the presence of such obvions legislative intent we cannot but hold that the act of 1885 as to the amount of the license fee and as to the manner of increasing that amount applied to Milwaukee. A few cases, far less clear, where such conclusion has been reached, may be cited. Brightman v. Kirner, 22 Wis. 54; State v. Fisher, 33 Wis. 154; Raymond v. Sheboygan, 76 Wis. 335, 45 N. W. 125; State ex rel. Risch v. Trustees, 121 Wis. 44, 52, 98 27. W. 954; Dahlman v. Milwaukee, post, p. 427, 110 N. W. 479. Of course, whatever the scope of ch. 296, Laws of 1885, the same must be accorded to the same provisions merely continued in force by embodiment in the revision of 1898 (secs. 1548, 1548b). See sec. 4985, Stats. (1898).

2. From another starting point the same conclusion must be reached for reasons not argued. The amendment to the charter (ch. 307, Laws of 1883) contained:

“Provided the amount to be charged for any such license shall not in any case be less than the minimum sum nor more than the maximum sum required by the general laws.”

Obviously, if a general law prescribed a fixed sum, and not, as then, a limit of range, such sum would be both maximum and minimum, and must be charged. It seems clear that ch. 296, Laws of 1885, did just this. It declared that whenever the people of a given city should omit to vote otherwise the sum should be $200, neither more nor less. It also, provided that where, in manner prescribed, a majority vote at a special election should be cast in favor of either $350 or $500, such sum should be charged. When such an event occurred, the general law itself required a specified sum. This was clearly a local-option law of the class fully discussed and explained in Adams v. Beloit, 105 Wis. 363, 81 N. W. 869, which, potentially existent at all times over the whole state, was to take practical effect in any specific locality upon the 'happening of the event of a special election. The people at such election were not empowered to legislate, hut create or declare the fact upon which became effective the behest of the legislature that the sum to be charged for a license shall be $350 to $500, according to such fact. Such behest was a .general law. State ex rel. Att’y Gen. v. O’Neill, 24 Wis. 149; Smith v. Janesville, 26 Wis. 291; In re North Milwaukee, 93 Wis. 616, 67 N. W. 1033; Davey v. Janesville, 111 Wis. 628, 635, 87 N. W. 813; Nash v. Fries, 129 Wis. 120, 108 N. W. 210; State ex rel. Maggard v. Pond, 93 Mo. 606, 6 S. W. 469. Hence, whenever the people of Milwaukee shall, at a properly held special election, establish the fact of .a majority sentiment in favor of one of the higher sums, that sum will be “required by- general law,” in the very words of the charter, and by that charter itself the common council will be commanded to charge that sum and no other. For both reasons above stated we hold that sec. 1548b imposes a clear and imperative duty upon the city clerk to give notice of a special election in manner and form defined, upon presentation of a written request complying with that section, and that such duty should be compelled by mandamus if not performed voluntarily. Neu v. Voege, 96 Wis. 489, 71 N. W. 880; State ex rel. Spence v. Dick, 103 Wis. 407, 409, 79 N. W. 421.

3. Some contention is made that the present action is barred because of the dismissal of a similar action instituted by the same relator and against the same person as city clerk, to compel similar action the year previous, upon another request for a special election. Without passing upon the binding effect of a judgment between parties situated as these are, one as a champion of public interests and the other as a public officer, and affecting another, though similar, official act, it suffices to point out that this and the former proceeding are based on different causes of action. Hence the judgment in tbe former is a bar, at most, only as to such matters as affirmatively appear to have been actually decided. The judgment in the former case was merely a dismissal for failure of the relator to amend his petition after the overruling a demurrer to the return. It suggests no decision on the merits, and therefore, in and of itself, is no bar to this action or to consideration of the questions now decided. Wentworth v. Racine Co. 99 Wis. 26, 74 N. W. 551; Grunert v. Spalding, 104 Wis. 193, 80 N. W. 589; Montpelier S. B. & T. Co. v. School Dist. 115 Wis. 622, 635, 92 N. W. 439; Pereles v. Gross, 126 Wis. 122, 132, 105 N. W. 217.

By the Court. — Judgment affirmed.