126 Md. 497 | Md. | 1915
delivered the opinion of the Court.
In this case an action wTas brought, under Article 61 of the Code of Public General Laws of this State, by the appellants, to recover damages for the death of their father, James M. Elder, resulting from the alleged negligence of the appellee company.
The said James M. Elder, while upon a public highway, attempted to drive his horse, to which was attached the carriage in which he was riding, across the tracks of the defendant company at Derwood, a station upon the defendant’s road between Baltimore and Washington, and was struck and instantly killed by an engine or train of the defendant company. The plaintiffs, consisting of three daughters and one son, instituted suit in Montgomery County to recover the sum of twenty-five thousand dollars as damages alleged to have been sustained by them as a result 'of his death. The case proceeded to trial in that Court before a jury, and at the conclusion of the plaintiff’s testimony an instruction was granted by the Court directing a verdict for the defendant because of a want of legally sufficient evidence entitling the plaintiffs to recover, the Court holding, as it was stated in the argument, that there was no legally sufficient evidence to be submitted to the jury tending to show any damage sus: tained by the plaintiffs by reason of their father’s death.
It was shown by the evidence offered by the plaintiffs that the father gave to each of his daughters each year a sow or two shoats, these were given “at killing time.” The .value of a sow, such as he gave them, was said to be about, fifteen or twenty dollars, and the value of the shoats about ten or fifteen dollars a pair; and he usually gave to each of them a turkey, but never gave them any money.' The son, who lived with him and worked for him on the farms, received from the father two hundred dollars a year, and at times, as the son testified, his father1 would give him, when he asked for it. five or ten dollars. Welch, the son-in-law, in speaking of what was received by the son, said “he,” meaning the father, “gave the son a couple hundred dollars a year and a horse and buggy.” Hpon cross-examination he testified that the son worked at home with his father, had always lived there during his life, and that the “father paid him $200 a year for working on the farm;” he thinks he gave him the horse and buggy before he was twenty-one. This witness also said that Mr. Elder gave to his daughter, witness’ wdfe, a cow about two years before his death.
James Leo Elder, the son, testified that he was twenty-four years old in February before the trial; that he had always lived with his father, about two miles from Derwood. When asked, “Did your father* ever make you presents or contributions of anything valuable during the last two or three years of his life?” he replied, “Tes, he gave me money. Gave me a five and ten dollar note any time and $200 a year. He did not pay me any money, but just give it to me.” That he had also given him a horse and buggy and cows and calves. On cross-examination he was asked, “You say your father gave you $200 a year?” A. “Yes.” Q. “Was the $200'your wages?” A. “No, sir.” Q. “How did he happen to fix on $200 ?” A. “Well, he naturally gave me $200, and any time I wanted money he would give me five or ten dollars.” Q. “He never gave you more than $200 ?” A. “Yes.” Q. “When did he give you more than $200 ?” A. “Any time he would give me $5 or $10.” Q. “Did you do ordinary farm work around the place ” A. “Yes.” Q. “Did he pay you any wages?” A. “No, ‘sir; never did.” He further testified that his father had been giving him $200> a year for four or five years, and that since arriving at majority he and his father have been “working, together, farming.
The record discloses an admission on the part of the plaintiffs that the title records in the office of the clerk of the Circuit Court show that the farm on which Hr. Elder lived belonged to his children.
The sections of the article under which this suit was brought are almost a literal transcript of the English Statute, 9th and 10th Victoria, Chap. 93, known as Lord Campbell’s Act; one difference being that under the English Statute the suit must be brought by the executor or administrator of the deceased for the use of the parties mentioned, while under our statute the suit is brought .bv and in the name of the State for the use of such parties. Under both statutes the action is brought for “the benefit of the wife, husband, parent and
In the English courts the construction of this statute has been the subject of careful consideration in several cases, and the courts in those cases have uniformly held that the damages in such cases must be confined to the pecuniary loss, and the jury should not be allowed to take into consideration the pain and suffering of the deceased, or the mental suffering of the party for whose use the action is brought: Dalton v. S. E. Ry. Co., 4 C. B. (N. S.) 296; Franklin v. S. E. Ry. Co., 3 H. & N. 211; Pym v. G. N. Ry. Co., 2 B. & S. 759. And this Court has uniformly adopted this construction of the statute: State, use of Coughlan, v. B. & O. R. R. Co., 24 Md. 85; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. State, use of Hauer, 60 Md. 449; B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Mahone, 63 Md. 135; Agricultural & Mechanical Assn. v. State, use of Carty, 71 Md. 86.
It is well settled that the claim for damages in all such cases must be founded on the pecuniary loss, actual or expected, suffered by the persons described in the statute. The right to maintain the action is therefore based on the pecuniary interest of the plaintiff in the life of the person killed, and the value of such interest is the measure by which damages are to be allowed. B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Mahone, supra.
There have been many cases before this Court where the equitable plaintiffs were parent, husband, wife or minor children, but there have been only a few cases before it where the equitable plaintiffs were adult childrn.
The cases to which our attention, has been specially called are those of the B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Hauer, and B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Mahone. Judge Midler, who sat in those cases, in discussing the decisions rendered in them, said in the opinion *of this Court delivered by him in the case of Agricultural & Mechanical Assn. v. State, use of Carty, supra, that in the case of B. & O. R. R. Co. v. Hauer, “A father was killed who had two adult unmarried daughters who lived
Mr. Poe, in his work upon Pleading and Practice, 3rd ed. vol. 1, sec. 464, in discussing this question, says: “Where adult children are dependent upon their father for support, they may recover for the loss sustained by them by his death,” and in his note thereto quotes fully from the Hauer case.
To enable the plaintiffs to maintain this action it was incumbent upon them to show that they had in the life of their father a pecuniary interest, which they could have reasonably expected to continue so long as he lived and which was lost to them by his death, caused by the negligence of the defendant.
It is because of these alleged gifts from the father to the daughters, and upon the reasonable expectation of their continuance so long as he lived, that they claim a pecuniary interest in the life of the father, of which they were deprived by his death.
The three daughters who are plaintiffs in this case were married a number of years prior to the death of the father, and during their married life had lived apart from him. They were not in any sense dependent upon the father for support or maintenance, but were living with, and we may
The pecuniary benefit or interest claimed by the son in the life of the father consists of the payment to him by his father of five or ten dollars at irregular intervals, whenever he would ask for it, in addition to the two hundred dollars paid to him every year.
The son, who at the time of his father’s death was twenty-three years of age, had for a number of years worked upon his father’s farm in the cultivation and harvesting of the crops, and was so working at the time of the death of his father. He, as shown by his testimony, carefully avoided stating the object or purpose for which the money received from his father was paid to him. In this connection he says that he and his father had been “working together, farming together,” although they did not “run the farm together; the father rented the farm”; and when asked if he received any wages he said “No,” and when further asked why and for what purpose he was paid two hundred dollars, he replied by saying: “He naturally gave me $200,” and assigned no reason therefor.
It is hard to believe from this testimony that the son “worked and farmed” with his father in the cultivation of the two farms and was paid nothing in consideration therefor, and that his father gave to him a fixed and definite sum of two hundred dollars each year with no stated object or purpose in so doing. And the explanation of the son that he “naturally” give it is not at all satisfactory. The evidence, we think, when properly considered, discloses that the said sum of two hundred dollars received by him from his father, was paid to him in consideration of the work performed by him for and on behalf of the father, although the son may not have regarded or looked upon it as paid to him as
Nor can the alleged occasional gifts from the father to the son, under all the facts and circumstances of the case, be regarded as giving to him such a pecuniary interest in the life of the father as will enable him to maintain this action, when it is considered that at the time of the death of his father he was twenty-three years of age, and was supporting and maintaining himself by his own labor, although employed upon his father’s farm, and living at home with him.
There is no proof in this case that the plaintiffs had any pecuniary interest in the fife of their father, entitling them to maintain this action.
From what we have said it follows that the judgment of the Court below should be affirmed.
■Judgment affirmed, vnth costs to the appellee.