714 P.2d 558 | Mont. | 1986
No. 85-513
I N THE SUPREME COURT O F THE STATE OF MONTANA 1986 STATE OF MONTANA, e x r e l . , DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND ENVIR.ONMENTAL SCIENCES,
P l a i n t i f f a n d R e s p o n d e n t , CECIL L . BERNHARD, D e f e n d a n t a n d A p p e l l a n t . APPEAL FROM: D i s t r i c t C o u r t o f t h e N i n e t e e n t h J u d i c i a l D i s t r i c t , I n and. f o r t h e County o f L i n c o l n . , The H o n o r a b l e R o b e r t H o l t e r , J u d g e p r e s i d i n g .
COUNSEL OF RECORD: F o r A p p e l l a n t : J e f f r e y I,. Shrom, M i s s o u l a , Montana F o r R e s p o n d e n t : W i l l i a m D o u g l a s , L i n c o l n County A t t o r n e y , L i b b y , Montana S u s a n Loehn, Deputy County A t t o r n e y , L i b b y , Montana
S u b m i t t e d on B r i e f s : J a n . 2 3 , 1986 D e c i d e d : F e b r u a r y 2 0 , 1986 F i l e d : C l e r k Mr. Justice Frank B. Morrison, Jr., delivered the Opinion of the Court.
Cecil Bernhard appeals the August 16, 1985, order of the Nineteenth Judicial District Court, County of Lincoln, which assessed a $50 per day civil penalty against him for failing to properly shield his motor vehicle wrecking facility from public view. The order also stated that if the penalty was not paid by the 13th of September, 1985, the Department of Environmental Health and Sciences (DHES) would be permitted to contract for the destruction of the vehicles. Defendant Bernhard appeals. We affirm the order of the District Court.
Cecil Eernhard stores between 60 and 100 junk vehicles on his property near Eureka, Montana. In November of 1975, a complaint was filed against Rernhard for operating a motor vehicle wrecking facility without a license, a misdemeanor. He was ultimately fined $300 and sentenced to serve 30 days in jail unless he obtained a license within 30 days of the date of judgment. On appeal, this Court affirmed the conviction.
Bernhard was next civilly charged July 2, 1979, with operating a motor vehicle wrecking facility without a li- cense, pursuant to S 75-10-511 (1) , MCA. An order was issued by the Lincoln County District Court, enjoining defendant from operating the facility without a license and ordering him to shield the vehicles from public view. The order also provided for the imposition of a $50 a day fine for each day Bernhard refused to comply. On appeal, this Court again affirmed the District Court.
As a result of that action, Bernhard placed a fence around most of the vehicles and obtained a license to operate the facility. The fence was installed during the winter of 1984-85. The frozen ground made it impossible to drive fence posts into the ground. Cattle belonging to a neighbor, but grazing on Bernhard's land, apparently knocked the fence down in the spring of 1985. The owner of the cattle rebuilt the fence. However, a strong wind storm again knocked down the fence.
Upon being notified of the problem, Lincoln County's Sanitarian viewed Bernhard's property and sent him a letter May 13, 1985, requesting a compliance timetable. The fence was not improved and on July 2, 1985, the County Attorney filed a petition and motion to show cause why the civil penalty of $50 per each day of violation should not be im- posed. A hearing was set for August 12, 1985. Defendant appeared, but without an attorney. After extensive question- ing by the trial judge regarding defendant's right to coun- sel, the hearing proceeded with defendant acting pro - se.
Following the hearing, the trial judge issued findings of fact, conclusions of law and the order assessing defendant $50 a day from June 25, 1985, to August 12, 1.985, and further assessing defendant $50 a d a y thereafter until full compli- ance with the order to shield the vehicles. Rernhard filed a motion September 13, 1985, for a temporary restraining order forbidding the DHES from contracting for the destruction of the vehicles; however, he failed to request that a hearing be set on the motion. The present status of the vehicles is unknown.
Rernhard, now represented by counsel, appeals, raising the following issues: 1. Whether the defendant was in compliance with the court's order as a matter of law and whether the District Court erred in its judgment of noncompliance?
2. Once a motor vehicle wrecking facility license is issued, does the court have to follow a procedure for issuing, denying or revoking the license before imposing a $50 a day civil penalty for failure to shield?
3. Was the defendant. entitled to be represented by counsel at the show-cause hea.ring? 4. Did defendant willingly and knowingly waive his right to counsel at the show-cause hearing? 5. Was the defendant incompetent to represent himself at the show-cause hearing? Hernhard argues that he erected a fence to shield the facility pursuant to S 75-10-504, MCA, and a November 1984 order of the District Court. The fence was destroyed by cattle and a wind storm, forces over which Bernhard had no control. Therefore, pursuant to 1-3-217, MCA, he cannot be held responsible for the destruction of his fence. What Rernhard fails to mention is that he is responsible for installing a fence which adequately shields the wrecking facility and for repairing or replacing that fence when necessary. There is substantial credible evidence in the record to support the trial judge's finding that Bernhard was not in compliance with the court's earlier order to shield the wrecking facility.
The trial judge did not have to revoke Bernhard's li- cense prior to imposing the $50 a day civil pena.lty. Section 75-10-542(2), MCA, provides: A person who violates this part, except 75-10-520, a rule of the department, or an order issued as provided in this part shall be subject to a civil penalty of not more than $50. Each day upon which a violation of this part or a rule or order occurs is a separate violation.
Section 75-10-504, MCA, provides that a motor vehicle wrecking facility "established or proposed on or after J u l y 1, 1 9 7 3 , " must b e s h i e l d e d from p u b l i c view. By f a i l i n g t o s h i e l - d h . i s f a c i l i t y , B e r n h a r d v i o l a t e d t h a t s t a t u t e . B e r n h a r d a l s o v i o l a t e d a c o u r t o r d e r i s s u e d p u r s u a n t t o T i t l e 75, P a r t 10. T h e r e f o r e , p u r s u a n t t o 5 7 5 - 1 0 - 5 4 2 ( 2 ) , MCA, t h e $50 a d a y p e n a l t y was p r o p e r l y imposed.
The r e m a i n i n q t h r e e i s s u e s c o n c e r n B e r n h a r d ' s l a c k o f r e p r e s e n t a t i o n by c o u n s e l a t t h e show-cause h e a r i n g . S e c t i o n 37-61-416, MCA, s t a t e s i n a p p l i c a b l e p a r t : P a r t y may a p p e a r i n p e r s o n o r by a t t o r - ney. A p a r t y t o a c i v i l a c t i o n who i s o f f u l l a g e may p r o s e c u t e o r d e f e n d t h e same i n p e r s o n o r by a t t o r n e y a t h i s e l e c t i o n u n l e s s h e h a s b e e n j u d i c i a l l y d e c l a r e d t o b e i n c o m p e t e n t t o manage h i s a f f a i r s .
B e r n h a r d was e n t i t l e d t o b e r e p r e s e n t e d by c o u n s e l a t t h e show-cause h e a . r i n g . However, a f t e r e x t e n s i v e q u e s t i o n i n g by t h e t r i a l j u d g e w i t h r e s p e c t t o w h e t h e r B e r n h a r d w i s h e d t o have c o u n s e l p r e s e n t , t h e t r i a l j u d g e d e c i d e d t o p r o c e e d w i t h t h e h e a r i n g . We f i n d no e r r o r . B e r n h a r d was t o l d h e had a r i g h t t o c o u n s e l . H e w a s warned o f t h e p o t e n t i a l i m p a c t o f t h e show-cause h e a r i n g o n h i s f i n a n c i a l w e l l - b e i n g . Never- t h e l e s s , B e r n h a r d s t a t e d t h a t h e would b e w i l l i n g t o t e l l " h i s s i d e o f t h e s t o r y " t o t h e c o u r t . T h e r e f o r e , d e f e n d a n t e l e c t e d n o t t o b e r e p r e s e n t e d by c o u n s e l a t t h e h e a r i n g .
F i n a l l y , B e r n h a r d p r e s e n t s no e v i d e n c e t h a t h e h a s b e e n j u d i c i a l l y d e c l a r e d i n c o m p e t e n t . F u r t h e r , h e ha.s known f o r a t l e a s t e l e v e n y e a r s t h a t h e must l i c e n s e a n d s h i e l d h i s w r e c k i n g f a c i l i t y . T h e r e f o r e , h e knew a n d u n d e r s t o o d t h e c h a r g e s a g a i n s t him. H i s t e s t i m o n y a t t h e h e a r i n g was compe- t e n t . H e was c o m p e t e n t t o r e p r e s e n t h i m s e l f a t t h e h e a r i n g .
A f f i r m e d . We concur: ,4-
