154 Ind. 621 | Ind. | 1900
This is an appeal by the relator from a judgment on demurrer for insufficiency of facts to his petition for a writ of mandamus against appellee, the auditor of Franklin county, to compel him to allow the relator an inspection of the public records and papers of the auditor’s office of said county. The action was originally instituted in the Franklin Circuit Court, but was subsequently venued to the Union Circuit Court. A single question is presented: Did the court err in sustaining the demurrer of the appellee to the petition?
An epitome of the facts alleged in the petition may be said to be as follows: The relator, John A. Colseott, is a citizen and resident of Franklin county, Indiana, and a taxpayer therein, and had been a resident and taxpayer of that county for over ten years prior to the beginning of this
It is disclosed by the petition that for a long time prior to the making of said demand for the inspection in question, the relator and many other citizens and taxpayers of said Franklin county believed that there had been an unlawful conversion and use of the public funds thereof, and they desired that the public records of the auditor’s and treasurer’s offices be examined, in order to ascertain or discover the true condition of the administration of the fiscal affairs of said county. The relator, as it is disclosed, was a member of a committee appointed by numerous taxpayers of the county to secure the inspection of the public records.
The petition further shows that the defendant, as such auditor, refused, and still refuses, to allow the relator to have an examination of the records and papers of his said' office. It is also alleged that a more particular description of the books, records, and documents, which the relator desires to examine, can not be given, for the reason that they are in the possession of the defendant. The petition closes. with a prayer for a writ of mandamus awarding to the relator, together with his two agents or assistants, the right to inspect or examine the records and papers of said auditor’s office for the purposes stated, and for all other and proper relief.
The defendant appeared to this action, and waived the issuing of the alternative writ, and demurred to the petition, with the result as hereinbefore stated.
Counsel for appellee insist, (1) that, even though the relator can be held to be entitled to the right which he demands, such right can not be enforced by mandamus; (2) that, under §7830 Burns 1894, §5745 R. S. 1881 and
It is further contended that the examination sought to be obtained herein is incompatible with public policy, inasmuch as it might subject the public records to loss and mutilation, and also seriously interfere with the duties of the office and will consume the time of public officials without compensation.
Section 7831 Burns 1894, §5746 R. S. 1881 and Horner 1897, provides that, “All the books, accounts, vouchers, papers and documents, touching the business or property of ■the county, shall be carefully kept by the auditor and open to the inspection of any person”. There can be no doubt but what the legislature, under this statutory provision, has expressly recognized the right of any person to inspect the public records, books, files, papers, and documents belonging to or kept in the office of the county auditor. The legislative command, under this section, is plain and emphatic, and may be easily interpreted. Of course this right of inspection is not to be viewed as one wholly unqualified or free from all restrictions, but must be accepted and exercised by the inspector in such a manner as not materially to interrupt or interfere with the officer in the administration or discharge of his official duties.
It is evident, under the facts in this case, that the relator asserts no other interest or right upon which to base his demand for an inspection of the records in question than that which is common to any and all other citizens and taxpayers of Eranklin county, and that he is interested in the information which he seeks, by virtue of the inspection desired, only to the extent of a citizen and táxpayer of that county. He expressly disclaims in his petition that he is actuated or prompted to secure the inspection in controversy through mere curiosity, but alleges that he rests his demand to examine and search the public records in the custody of the defendant upon the facts that he is a citizen and taxpayer of the county, and that he desires, by the means of such an examination, to discover the condition of the public revenue, and to ascertain if the affairs of his county have been honestly and faithfully administered by the public officials charged with that duty.
Aside from the statute to which we have referred, we are of the opinion that the relator, under the facts presented by his petition, has shown such an interest in the matters to which the records and papers in the offices of the auditor and treasurer of his county relate as would entitle him to a general inspection thereof for the purpose which he has in view. These public records are the property of the county, and are not the property of the officer in whose custody they have been placed. The latter is but the mere custodian thereof. It is his imperative duty to keep them safe for the
A county may be said to be an involuntary public corporation organized by the State as an instrumentality in the furtherance of its government. The people residing therein are virtually the corporators. As taxpayers they contribute to the public revenue, and as voters they select the public officials who are to administer the county’s affairs. Surely, under such circumstances, they retain or have a great interest in the proper management of the business and matters pertaining to their county, and, therefore, are entitled to know whether the public officials, whom they have selected to represent them, have properly used, disburséd, and accounted for the public funds which, under the law, have been confided to their custody and administration.
The various county officials, in a political sense, are considered as the agents of the people in managing and conducting the business of the county. These officials are commonly denominated- — and properly so — “public servants”, and are directly responsible to the people who select them for the honest aud faithful discharge of the duties and powers with which, under the law, they are invested. Under such conditions and circumstances, as they exist under the peculiar structure or genius of our government, it would certainly be a harsh interpretation of our laws, and one which would be, in our opinion, adverse to sound reason, to deny any taxpayer or citizen the right, subject to the reasonable rules and regulations previously mentioned, to in
It has been a well recognized rule of the law that a corporator of a municipal'corporation has the right to have a general inspection of the public records and documents of such corporation, and to make copies thereof under such rules and restrictions as will preserve such records from loss'and mutilation, and prevent any material interruption of the duties of their custodian. That this rule, under the facts in the case at bar, is applicable, and ought to control, cannot be controverted upon any reasonable grounds.
Mr. Dillon, in his valuable work on municipal corporations, in treating of the right of a corporator to inspect the corporate records, says: “The following points have been ruled as stated by Mr. MTIlcock: Every corporator has a right to inspect all the records, books, and other documents of the corporation, upon all proper occasions; and if upon application for that purpose, the officer who has the custody refuse to show them, the court will grant a mandamus to enforce his right.” 1 Dillon Mun. Corp. (4th ed.) §303; People v. Cornell, 47 Barb. 329.
There is no force in the contention of appellee that, by reason of the fact that the board of commissioners of a county is charged with the duty of inspecting the records of the treasurer’s office, therefore, all citizens and taxpayers must be held to be excluded from an inspection or examination of such records.
It must be presumed, under the facts, that the relator
Counsel for appellee rely upon such cases as Webber v. Townley, 43 Mich. 534, 5 N. W. 971, Buck v. Collins, 51 Ga. 391, and others of like character, wherein it is held that, at common law, there is no right to inspect and make copies of public records for speculative purposes, by making abstracts of such records with a view to their future sale and use. These cases, however, cannot be considered as authoritative upon the point involved in this appeal. The principle upon which' they are decided has been denied by the supreme court of Michigan since the case of Webber v. Townley, supra, was decided, and the latter case is expressly overruled in Burton v. Tuite, 78 Mich. 363, 44 N. W. 282, 7 L. R. A. 73. In this last appeal, Morse, J., speaking as the organ of that court, said: “I do not think that any common law ever obtained in this free government that would deny to the people thereof the right of free access to, and public inspection of, public records. They have an interest always in such records, and I know of no law, written or unwritten, that provides that, before an inspection or examination of a public record
The conclusion at which we have arrived in this appeal is fully supported by the following authorities, in addition to those, heretofore cited: State v. Williams, 41 N. J. L. 332; State v. Rachac, 37 Minn. 372, 35 N. W. 7; Hanson v. Eichstaedt, 69 Wis. 538, 35 N. W. 30; People v. Richards, 99 N. Y. 620, 1 N. E. 258; People v. Reilly, 38 Hun 429; Hawes v. White, 66 Me. 305; O’Hara v. King, 52 Ill. 303; Boylan v. Warren, 39 Kan. 301.
The relator, being entitled to the right which he seeks, there can be no question but what mandamus is the proper remedy for its enforcement. That it is the proper remedy is recognized by many of the cases hereinbefore cited, and, in addition to those in support of this point, see the following authorities: Wampler v. State, 148 Ind. 557, 38 L. R. A. 829; High on Ex. Leg. Rem. §74; 14 Am. & Eng. Ency. of Law, p. 171.
The right to inspect the records in question also impliedly awards to the person entitled to it sufficient time, under the circumstances, in which to make the inspection for the purpose contemplated. We are constrained, therefore, to conclude that the relator in this case, under the facts, is entitled to the inspection which he demands, and also entitled to make such copies and abstracts of the records .as may avail him in carrying out the purpose of his examination, subject, however, to' the conditions and restrictions mentioned in this opinion.
Por error of the court in sustaining the demurrer to the petition, the judgment is reversed, and -the cause remanded for further proceedings in accordance with this opinion.