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State Ex Rel. Burk v. Oklahoma City
522 P.2d 612
Okla.
1973
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*1 orderly just functioning statutory Inasmuch there are no special proceed- hearing guidelines, objection when these landowner’s to the. set ings. procedural requirements taking should have been treated as continu- ing. forth for condemnation cases the stat- The trial court then should set have complied utes are reasonable and must be hearing ju- matter a from which a right his a with. landowner waived to dicial determination been could have made. hearing necessity taking on of the I do not believe condemnee should object report deprived he right object when did of his to the ne- statutorily pre- cessity commissioners taking within the assertion that his objection scribed prematurely time. filed. opinion For benefit of Bench and Bar in future affirm the of the Court I would 8, 1971, in proceedings, Appeal. opinion on October con- of As stated O.S.Supp. formity with the terms of 66 1456: OBJ O.S.Supp.1970, § § “The failure of the trial court 16, S.L.1971, p. Amended 40 and 69 S.B. proper request grant hearing on the O.S.Supp.1970, as amended S.B. § necessity taking, deter- and make a 15, S.L.1971, 61, p. approved the Court thereon, prior mination to the trial as to condemnation, form of no- notice a de- damages amount of constitutes objections required necessity tice laws, equal protection nial days filed following filing within 30 er- was both fundamental and reversible Report. Commissioners 2633. OBJ ror.” Appeals Court of reversed. Trial Court respectfully I dissent. affirmed. state that I am authorized to Justice herein concurs the views LAVENDER DAVIDSON, WILLIAMS, J.,C. V. C. expressed. BERRY, DOOLIN, J., and BARNES JJ., concur.

HODGES, IRWIN, LAVENDER and

JJ., dissent.

HODGES, (dissenting). Justice statute, and the 66 O.S.1971 § ex rel. Gil BURK STATE of Oklahoma Oklahoma Constitution Art. relied al., Appellants, et majority opinion, provide an ex- report only ception to the of commissioners corporation, CITY, municipal OKLAHOMA appraisement as the amount of so far al., Appellees. et They concerned. are silent as what No. 45102. applica- procedures limitations or time Supreme of Oklahoma. Court question ble when the condemnee raises the necessity taking. landowner A 1973. Oct. may agree assess- that the commissioners Rehearing May Denied correct, damages disagree ment of but necessity taking that there is a for the only land. The duties of commis- inspect property and sub-

sioners are to boundaries, quan- report showing

mit taken,

tity and to and value of the taking. The damages for the

assess the nothing do with the have

commissioners

judicial necessity taking. question of the

on a They request street. building be removed and the street restored original condition, its that title to the building quieted city because allege that the street is held trust city for the use and benefit of its citizens. They also asserted that the decree vaca- tion entered the district court void by reason practiced upon of fraud court. Under their second cause of action they seek to recover for the the land building, and the claimed to Fidelity owned American and to have *4 penalty against appellees assessed to be paid appellants attorneys pur- and their statute, taxpayers O.S.1961, suant to the 372, 373. §§ building idea of the Two Thousand Lee, Connolly, Thomas Okla- Building part Classen across a of North- J. for John City, appellants. homa 20th west Street had been conceived C. (Cameron), W. Cameron the President of Crowe, Bratcher, Monty Crowe, V. P. L. the Two Thousand Corporation Classen Thweatt, Swinford, Dunlevy, & Johnson and Chairman of the Board of American Burdick, City, appellees Oklahoma for Fidelity associates, and his one or two Co., Fidelity Fidelity American Assurance years before began. construction Cameron Co., National Bank and Trust The Two testified that it was more convenient Corp. Thousand Building Classen and C. join buildings together. One of the W. Cameron. reasons for this was that heating the same Semtner, Roy Ratcliffe, H. K. Giles and cooling system could be utilized. City, appellees Oklahoma for of City, Norick, Oklahoma H. Mrs. Pa- lawyer James Cameron to “prac- talked Franklin, Cook, Latting, tience Ben Rowe tically” every member Council Smith, Sturm, George M. A. Dow- L. John carry an effort plan. out his ell, D., Keller, O. Nelson E. Bish- Bill H. discussions with the members of op and Robert H. Oldland. “simple Council concerned the question” of possibility closing of N.W. 20th Street HODGES, between Western Avenue and Justice. Classen joining Boulevard and building all of the The Two Thousand Building Classen complex together. He queried also Fidelity was constructed American As- council as to whether there would be Company (American surance Fidelity) this, objection serious or should the new across and Northwest 20th be- Street building be built North 20th N.W. tween Classen Boulevard and Western Av- Street and existing the then buildings. enue in City, (N.W. Oklahoma Oklahoma 20th). This street was dedicated to 25, 1968, On attorneys, Cameron’s June was, however, use of public. pur- It filed notice portion of intention to vacate a portedly grounds vacated on the that it had plat University This Addition. occupied adversely public been to the for published notice was Daily in the Law years. more than five 27, 1968, and an Journal-Record June Appellants, Posting under their first cause of ac- Affidavit of was executed. On tion, damages day seek 29th resulting June, purported ap- from the con- plication portion struction of a nuisance vacate that of Univer- was entered of vacation The decree Boule- Classen lying between sity Addition August 1968. court on the district with filed Avenue was vard Western “having examined Wherein of Oklahoma Court Clerk the District the evi- having file and heard pleading and stated that application County. The prem- fully in the being advised dence and abutting the sole applicants were had finding that the street made the ises” the street and that the street owners public for occupied adversely to the public been adversely occupied had been years. more than five years. the same more than five On by the defend- was filed day, an Answer day September, about the 1st orOn ant, City. City of Oklahoma Thousand of the Two construction July Building commenced. Classen attempt by city council There was no with this action was commenced 20th power to vacate to exercise its N.W. parties plaintiff additional and defendant O.S.1961, provisions under Street joined in December 1969. permits vacation of This statute 6S9. it by the council when streets proceeded The cause to trial on the 18th However, expedient. necessary or deemed day May, continued permit of a vacation does day May, Defendants’ De- Hedrick v. Pa- private use. See street for plaintiffs’ sus- murrer evidence was Instead, don, (Okl.1958). judge the trial dis- tained and the case municipal directing the counsel- resolution defendants, Norick, missed as to the Lat- pur- approve as to the form of the toor *5 Sturm, Oldland, ting, Keller with the & vacating Northwest posed decree Also, plaintiff’s of concurrence counsel. Avenue and Clas- between Western Street the trial sustained demurrers of the court by adopted the Council Blvd. was sen defendants, City of and in- Oklahoma approved Mayor of the of by and the Smith, defendants, Franklin, Cook, dividual Oklahoma, July Bishop. Dowell and attempted et al. the Cameron to have A day further trial was held on the 4th provisions street vacated under the of June, 1971 and thereafter on June O.S.1961, provides pertinent 524. It § the Court Findings entered his part: Fact, and conclusions of law. He found “ * * * allegation that the application of the and application by If the shall be finding the of the court to the effect that portion the owner owners of occupied adversely N.W. 20th had been platted such tract for the vacation of public years for more than five portion only, appear such and it shall false allegation and the inclusion portion that the desired to be vacated application and decree was known to actually has never been used for town or they false Cameron at the time were city purposes, platted streets or that the made. He in his stated of law conclusions alleys portion and on or across such that: public, have never been used or public

that the has for more than five “The allegation known appli- false in the non-user, years abandoned or finding cation and in the Decree vacat- that the same has been and oc- enclosed ing subject portion of Northwest cupied adversely public for more urged upon Twentieth Street years, may than five then the court va- applicants who defendants in ” * * * portion plat. cate such of said this case constituted a of a falsification jurisdictional upon fact and a fraud allegation finding and that court sufficient justify vacating street had been occupied enclosed and ad- proper that decree case.” versely public years for 5 was mate- jurisdiction rial to the However, the court to va- the court concluded as a mat- cate the street. ter of law appellants that guilty were thereby estopped laches and from obtaining statute, O.S.1961, The Oklahoma equitable relief they sought. doWe is in accord with provides: this rule. It agree. plat map “When the or shall have been certified, made out and acknowledged defendants, The court found and Article, as required by recorded this Two Thousand Building, Classen * * * the land intended to be used Fidelity Company American Assurance and streets, for the alleys, ways, or commons responsible resulting C. W. Cameron other uses in town or or damages for the diminution value addition thereto shall be held in the cor- of Hali Wells Wil- Jean porate name thereof in trust to and for Byron Hayes, liam P. Rhoda purposes use and set forth and ex- $7,000.00 amount of each. The court held pressed or intended.” Myrta compensi- sustained no Rorem The plat damage. appellants ble dedication judgment of the trial which rely regard court in states: this is affirmed. “ * * * plat the annexed which Appellees complain appellants, Burk hereby adopted as the plat of the above Ray, longer parties are no first land, described under the name ‘Uni- They cause of action. assert that the trial Place’, versity in addition to Oklahoma a demurrer sustained amended City, and hereby do dedicate all of the petition them, as to and that did not streets and plat avenues shown said assign this error in their motion for city.” use of said trial, petition new nor in their in error. (cid:127) conclude, mere fact that the Appellees, vacation of therefore that Burk the street Ray a valuable proper have their first cause abandoned ty granted petition on the of action. of a We have examined the record individual corporation who proposition and find merit in this owns abut no ting property who will concerns the thus be appellees, the Two Thousand enabled to use the business, vacated street Building Corporation, Classen American *6 city that the Fidelity compensation received no Company, Assurance C. W. for it, not indeed, does of itself any invalidate the Cameron. If there was aban- vaca tion nor City constitute such present, donment it as a fraud or was abuse of discretion in as Oklahoma and the named defendant absence of further showing will councilmen, authorize we find the by and inasmuch as intervention court to declare the sustaining trial court’s order their demur- vacation void. Feld man Omaha, v. prop- 226, rer to be as both causes of action 184 Neb. 166 421, er, N.W.2d 423 explained, (1969); the conse- as hereinafter Thomas v. Jul immaterial, tak, 198, Wyo. 974, any 68 231 quence of is P.2d (1951). abandonment 981 However, it is held it that is un general The rule is that title to jurisdiction lawful in this pub to vacate a municipali alleys by streets and is held lic street or highway which has not been ty public, pro in and not in a trust occupied abandoned or adversely to the municipality prietary capacity. The is public for years, merely more than five power cityA without to alienate them. serve the private convenience individ public give away rights in cannot its corporation. ual or City of Stillwater v. streets, away any nor it sell or barter Lovell, 214, 12, 159 Okl. 15 16 (Okl. P.2d it for the benefit of streets holds trust 1932). public. Blanken Town of v. Choteau case, In this ship, 152 P.2d 383 in the 194 Okl. case of Hed- Hill, Padon, rick 699 v. (1944), (Okl.1958), v. 333 P.2d 552 Lindauer pretense there no Thomp public City of v. that the (Okl.1953); Shawnee interest son, required any (Okl.1954). part vacation of 275 P.2d truth a concealment public years, interest would or that

street therefore The court was to such facts. The vacation by the vacation. subserved subject matter. jurisdiction of the right and without destroy public attempted initio. was void ab purpose The decree of vacation public for the sole use of the Starke, P. 155 Kan. v. person who owned See Starke enabling (1942). See also 46 2d occupy street to abutting the Am.Jur. p. Judgments 24 permanent street with a portion of the p. supra, Padon structure. Hedrick v. deceived the court has been Where municipal by the au- holds that vacation misconduct, and the court by fraud or ultra vires and in such a case is thorities injustice, thereby instrument of made an void. prevent perpe equity will intervene uncontroverted that The stands evidence ad reaping the benefit of trator from application allegation in the to vacate unfairly gained. vantage which was between Western Northwest 20th Street case, the fraud the manner which portion that this and Classen which stated The significance. little is effected adversely occupied of the street had been the act and will to the effect of look years was false and all for more than five consequence of is the inquire if the result During the parties knew it to be false. Snyder, 121 fraud. Okl. Jones attempted years prior to the vacation five 249 P. street, used, only by the it was appellees that if It is contended general, but also Cameron perpetrated upon the fraud was indeed Depart- members of the council. fraud; court, not extrinsic at the direction of ment of Traffic Control against a grant will not relief counselor, municipal conducted a sur- except in through fraud judgment obtained approximately vey which showed fraud is extraneous where such cases street daily. automobiles used the foreign Equity record. has inherent department let- director of the stated judgment power grant relief from a that “from a traf- ter to the counselor prac it has been obtained fraud when a rea- standpoint, carrying fic all streets in wrongfully ticed the court which traffic are useful.” He sonable amount of jurisdiction. Especially it to assume duced then comment further concern- declined to rights is this so where the ing the closing of Street. N.W. present involved as in the case. procedure to be followed Petty, 118 Okl. case Johnson prescribed by of a street is an vacation 848,849, (1925) 246 P. holds: statutory requires exclusive method which *7 by perjury as means or "Where of fraud compliance. substantial Town of Choteau im- jurisdictional facts, to the a court is 401, 379, Blankenship, v. 194 Okl. 152 P.2d posed upon juris- induced to assume and (1944). 383 diction, and reality where in none exists juris The district court is without which never could have been exercised if public diction to vacate and close streets known, is such truth had been fraud public use which have been dedicated to extrinsic, so judgment or order and being by public for and which are used in obtained be annulled and vacated purpose for which were dedicated. equi- proper proceeding in a court of a Mounts, 85, City of Frederick v. 159 Okl. ty.” (Emphasis ours). 14 P.2d (1932). 237 p. say at 850 that The court went on to representations ju- given to hearing in false establish At the initial which vacated, imposed which the court purportedly street was the court risdiction jurisdiction upon and induced to exercise was deceived the fraudulent material requires exists that “In such that the street had where none jurisdictional allegation relief, equity grant only occupied cases courts of adversely been for more than five

619 O.S.1961, provided by It that: injured party, 50 prevent wrong a 7 to attempt make but ‘to frustrate an lapse legalize public of “No time can a in oppression aid of instrument of court an amounting nuisance actual to an obstruc- wrongful surreptitious founded on a sham public right.” tion of ” artifice.’ Norman, Updegraff See also of 287 v. P.2d (Okl.1955); 912 Town of Chou Harris, 104 230 P. v. Okl. Cone p. supra. Blankenship, teau v. 152 P.2d 380 the court cited rule (1924) 723 that: that The trial court found enemy equity, is the of and

“Fraud arch court perpetrated upon fraud had been against a will a equity court relieve street, vacated the but he refused to by imposition judgment obtained ap declare the He vacation void. instead * * * It matters fraud. little as plied the doctrine of laches. The doctrine in mode manner which fraud is application laches has no case. this effect, A effected. court looks jurisdictional The allegation material consequence if is a and asks the result adversely occupied street had been for any description the fraud. For of mala years more than five which the decree practiced obtaining fides judgment false, was vacation was based equity grant will relief. If fraud and This parties. known to false all gained misconduct one has an unfair ad- allegation deprived fraudulent the court of law, whereby vantage proceedings at jurisdiction and resulted in vacation has been made an instrument pri being street void ad initio. of injustice, equity pre- will public trespass interfere vate use of the street was a vent him reaping inception. from benefit from its construction of advantage unfairly thus gained.” permanent structure thereon constituted per se unlawful nuisance and was upon by appellees, cases relied day Equity each it continued. abhors Metzger Turner, Okl. diligently prevent it or fraud and seeks (1945) Sadberry Hope, 444 P.2d Mochy, redress it where found. Buford v. did not (Okl.1968) involve fraud N.C. S.E.2d court, but parties. How- between A ex equity assist will not one ever, case, Metzger page at 158 P.2d tricating himself from circumstances which 704, supra general states the rule that the Keller, he has 423 P. created. Sautbine v. authority to judgments set aside for fraud 2d general rule (Okl.1966). is limited to cases where the com- fraud party participated that where a has plained was practiced very act of fraud, re equity party no grant will obtaining judgment. precisely This is State, lief. Becker v. 312 P.2d what occurred in this case. Only (Okl.1957). inter the most distorted pretation equitable principles per

The principle that would for streets their one, full mit length deliberately has who deceived width are use court, any permanent misled the and who bases his claim structure en on an croaching original wrong, thereon is a and continued per nuisance se is *8 of origin successfully equitable ancient utilize and of the defense of almost universal application. laches City to sanction Emporia of and enforce his fraudu Hem lent phrey, 132 claim. Kan. 297 P. ; (1931) M. Radford Grocery City v.Co. J. Appellants also pro- seek to enforce the Abilene, of (Tex.Civ. S.W.2d visions of “taxpayers statutes”, the 62 O.S. App.1929); McDowell, Smith v. 148 Ill. 372, 373, under their cause second §§ 35 N.E. See also They of action. are endeavoring re- O.S.1961, 1, 2. §§ cover building the land and for the use O.S.1961, City authority under the of 11 City and Street of Oklahoma the benefit of support the the defendants. Nor does the evidence against penalty a to assess § any property was trans- conclusion that O.S.1961, by 62 provided § It un- ferred, paid pursuant any money or city who orders every of officer that Although the council con- lawful contract. payment of knows of the or who or directs the street sented the vacation of belong- any property of money transfer or Cameron, by passing the resolution et al. any pursuance of unau- city ing to .the vacation, approving it did not the decree of thorized, agreement unlawful or fraudulent actively participate in the of vacation any penalized the value of double shall be street. be property transferred to money paid or problem then remains: since the va- of proper suit of officers at the recovered initio; of ab cation the street was void taxpayer. city any or resident City in trust holds the street Council O.S.1961, 373, states that Title barter, transfer, it trade and cannot or in- proper of officers to upon the refusal away private individu- for the benefit of a or property suit to recover a stitute of corporation; al and the doctrine of on them to do demand money after written inap- taxpayers are laches and the statute city, taxpayers of the resident ten so quag- plicable; what the solution city affected any taxpayer of resident mire? may bring suit payment or transfer by the requiring precedent for removal There is of Oklahoma in the name of State City of the In Dozier structure. property. In such recovery Austin, (Tex.Civ.App. 253 S.W. defendant, event, municipality is made 1923) the court stated: money and one-half and one-half the “ ** * ex- property at the permanent recovered struc- value it is a [I]f 'taxpayer shall pense the resident rights ture should be abated. Public paid impaired by as a destroyed to him reward. or cannot be selfish who desires of individual payment require the The statutes ends, regardless seek to advance own property belonging money or transfer equity. justice of the dictates of applicable. they are before forming improvement The costliness of allegation any money was There is no that no on can offer encroachments a street City held the exchanged. The Council defense to an action to remove the ob- sell, property trust and was unable struction, improvement was because use. barter or transfer it for knowingly no willfully made with proceedings vacation before posses- basis but the extend the desire to jurisdiction. because of lack of were void sory right prop- of the citizen to Therefore, actually property never was * * * erty. abating nuisances legally vacated. transferred nor the street streets, equity measure its ac- does not O.S.1971, provisions of 62 §§ damage tion that the amount of inapplicable. the trial court’s We find would be inflicted the abatement City of sustaining order the demurrer author the nuisance.” City Oklahoma and the named councilmen sustaining all de Appellants suggest the demurrer that since fendants on the second cause of action was building on which the proper and correct. also find no evi We constructed held trust that the build defendants, City ing dence of Okla is a business fixture affixed City, quieted homa created and named councilmen land and that title to it should be nuisance, guilty City Although, were in the this Oklahoma. legal fraud or collusion. could and technical consideration done, Oklahoma did is an and the Council we believe the best solution *9 attempt attempt quo. not vacate An absolute N.W. Twentieth restore status parties City as This payment literal restoration of the shall be trustees. is position feasible, annually long building is nor made as as the re- their former not city is mains on the required. property. it restoration as reason The annual Such equities payments ably possible taking, and demanded lease from date Au- 8, gust 1968, Equity not of the case sufficient. will until the value of the annual payment insist an absolute and literal restoration is determined the trial court quo per to status where it would shall bear interest parties at rate of 10% purposeless, be useless foolish. annum. he principle rule founded on the wish to por- We make it clear that the equity. equity who seeks must do Where tion of appellees the street which fraudu- complete parties to their restoration of lently sought in to vacate held trust. former condition is essential to not imposed by This trust is law. owners justice complete between administration of building option have the of remov- parties, required. The not be will ing building restoring 20th street equitable regard in to the matter is rule public street, as a paying or annual lease the actions of one of technical. Where payments long to the for as as parties renders the restoration of status building encroaches on N.W. Street. only quo impossible, need be restoration payment amount of annual set per nearly made as as the circumstances court shall remain years effective for 5 Ill, Meyer, mit. Shields v. 183 Kan. from the date the district court determines 29, 34, 35 Rou (1958); P.2d O’Keefe v. the amount of the time, lease. At that 138, 307, ledge, 110 Mont. 103 P.2d 310 every years five thereafter, the trustees 481, Proper Proper, (1940); v. 183 Minn. may reassess the circumstances and condi- Maupin Mis (1931); N.W. tions, landlord, any and as may adjust the Co., souri State Life Ins. S.W. days rent. rampant inflation al This means that (Mo.App.1919). what is adequate today may grossly in- though parties be re themselves cannot sufficient in the future. before, existing stored to the situation cognizant We are City of Green v. respect property their in rights Norman, 455 P.2d 58 (Okl.1969) where subject which forms the matter in contro this City Court held the had Norman no versy quo. placed shall be Car status authority to lease a dedicated street to penter Mason, 181 Wis. 193 N.W. corporation for use. The circum- The United Su States stances of this position case and preme Court stated the for the rationale parties we compelled find the have MacFarland, rule in Neblett v. 92 U.S. us to equitable reach this result notwith- 23 L.Ed. (1876): standing City Norman, Green v. supra. “ * * * proceeds The court on the attorneys appellants for have principle that, ought as the transaction in restoring succeeded property the trust never to have taken place parites the citizens of Oklahoma en placed possible are to far titled compensation for their success. situation in which would have stood

if there trans- had never been It is well ordinarily settled that action.” court in the equitable jurisdic exercise of The cause is re- therefore reversed and tion attorney award fees when the manded with for the trial directions performed services result in a successful question assess the value of the land suit preservation, for the increase of and the annual rental value thereof. This common fund or a common for always street is and has been held persons benefit of a class of entitled to Appel- public. Council trust property. fund or See State v. Okla pay lees are directed to an annual lease Commission, homa Tax 194 Okl. payment Council of Oklahoma 798 (1944); Pensioners Protec- *10 622 allowing ample authority for is 535, “There Davis, P.2d 150 Colo. Ass’n v.

tive the fund paid from Wewoka, attorneys fees to be v. Okl. City of (1944); State, Board rel. is ex recovered. (C.A. 10th Cir. Banker, 117 F.2d of Harmon County Commissioners 1386; Attor- 1941); 38 A.L.R.3d C.J.S. Commission, 194 County Tax v. Oklahoma p. 193 1098. ney and Client § P.2d Okl. the au- directly from springs The rule par- equity thority of the Court do judg portion That of this Court’s un- applied been and had ticular situation Appellant’s requiring Appellee pay ment wherever der variant circumstances remanded and attorneys fees is reversed justice. United required right and attorneys Appellant’s pay with directions to Stevenson, F.2d Anglin v. & States payments. payment or fees out of lease 1944). (C.A. Cir. and part part, Affirmed reversed from Ordinarily attorney are assessed fees remanded with directions. is recovered. property or fund which in all Re-Hearing is The Petition for equity, how- plenary powers Under respects other denied.” ever, adopted to the granted relief exigencies of the Oil & Gas case. Sinclair HODGES, LAVENDER, BARNES Bishop, 441 Company v. DOOLIN, JJ., concur. peculiar genius (Okl.1968). It is the DAVISON, BER- and IRWIN and J.,C. equity judgment in which fashioned RY, JJ., dissent. justice “Equity delights full to do done. justice, and that not halves.” Meredith Ramsdell, 384 P.2d 945 (Colo.1963). flagrant

Because of the actions of Camer- unjust

on et al. enrichment which thereby appellees

would inure to if the payment

trust imposed were to be with fees,

attorney equity justice demand attorney appellees pay be ordered to Norma MOSS and Kenneth Moss, appellant’s lawyers fees to in an amount Appellants, which is to be trial determined court. et POLYCO, corporation al., INC., part, part Affirmed in reversed Appellees. remanded with directions. No. 46134. Supreme Court Oklahoma. LAVENDER, BARNES, SIMMS and April 23, 1974. DOOLIN, JJ., concur. May 10, As Amended 1974. DAVISON, J.,C. and IRWIN and Rehearing Denied June BERRY, JJ., part concur in and dissent in part.

ON REHEARING

SIMMS, Justice.

Rehearing hereby Granted for the purpose striking

limited all of lan-

guage in original opinion, beginning

at line 35 from bottom of page page

all following and the is sub-

stituted therefor:

Case Details

Case Name: State Ex Rel. Burk v. Oklahoma City
Court Name: Supreme Court of Oklahoma
Date Published: Oct 30, 1973
Citation: 522 P.2d 612
Docket Number: 45102
Court Abbreviation: Okla.
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