59 Minn. 6 | Minn. | 1894
By this proceeding the relator, Braley, questions the right of defendant, Gay, to the office of sheriff of Winona county. The election under which the latter now holds the office is that of 1892, and consequently the election law involved is Laws 189.1, ch. á. We readily agree with counsel in the assertion that it was the purpose of the Legislature, when enacting this law, to purge our methods of conducting elections of some of the evils connected therewith, and to promote the purity of the ballot; but the law must not be construed so radically as to render it incapable of enforcement without disfranchising great numbers of electors through no fault of their owm, nor must the construction placed upon it be so technical as to lead to its overthrow. The construction must be practical, if this be possible, in view of the language used.
1. At one of the precincts in the city of Winona, two of the judges of election were of the same political party, while the third was of another party. Chapter 4, § 51, requires that two of the judges, “of opposite political parties,” shall place their initials on the backs of all the ballots before they are used by the voters. No subsequent reference is made in the law to this requirement that the judges who thus mark the ballots shall be of opposite political faith; but by later sections (52 and 50) it is enacted that the ballot, when presented to the voter, shall have the proper initials to be exposed to the judges when, after marking, it- shall be offered for deposit in the box, and “no ballot which has not the initials of two judges of election in said judges’ own handwriting on the back thereof” shall be placed in the box. About thirty of the ballots cast at this precinct, out of a total of 412, were marked by two of the
2. By section 57 it is required that whenever an elector shall make oath that, for specified reasons, he cannot mark his ballot, he may have the aid of a judge of election or qualified elector, who may read it to and mark it for him. The court below found that at the election in question, and at the precinct before mentioned, one of the judges of election marked at least 150 ballots for alleged illiterate and physically disabled voters, of which at least 125
The statutes nowhere prescribe the form of the oath to be administered to alleged illiterate or physically disabled voters, while the only general provision in respect to oaths is that found in 1878 G-. S. ch. 72, § 7. By this section it is enacted that the usual mode of administering oaths “now practiced in this state,” with the ceremony of holding up the right hand, shall be observed. An oath, in its broadest sense, includes any form of attestation by which a party signifies that he is bound in conscience to perform an act faithfully and truthfully. 2 Bouv. Law Diet. 320.
While the form used at the election was not as formal and exact as it might have been, we are of the opinion that it was of binding-force and effect upon the conscience of the persons to whom it was administered. It was sufficient upon which to base the charge of perjury. See State v. Madigan, 57 Minn. 425, (59 N. W. 490.) We also wish to say in this connection that the provision of the law requiring the administration of an oath to such voters as claim the right to have their ballots marked by another person is mandatory, and must be strictly observed. An oath binding in form must be administered.
3. As before stated, the court below found that one of the judges of election marked, at the request of electors, 150 of the ballots. It is urged by counsel for relator that the language used in said section 57, that no one perspn shall so mark the ballots of more than three electors, is mandatory, and hence that 147 of these ballots were illegally cast, and must be excluded from the count. We are of the opinion that in the absence of a finding that a single one of the voters whose ballots were marked by the same judge, subsequent to the first three, had knowledge of the fact that he had previously per
4. It has been said that this marking was done upon the table around which sat the judges and clerks, and in the presence of other electors, who were passing in and out of the voting booths in the rear of the room, and of others who were waiting an opportunity to cast their ballots. It is urged that because of this irregularity, whereby the absolute secrecy of the ballot was removed, all of the ballots marked so publicly should be rejected. A fair interpretation of the law requires the preservation, as far as possible, of secrecy as to the manner in which an elector votes. But impossibilities cannot be required. It is a commendable provision which authorizes the judges of election to mark the ballots of such voters as are unable, within the terms of the law, to mark their own, and yet if the judges do ihis it cannot be done privately. A judge would not be permitted to seclude himself with the elector, either by clearing the room or by withdrawing from it. Nor could the voter’s wishes be
5. What we have said covers all of the assignments of error which need special consideration. We are satisfied that the relator has not established the allegations of his complaint, and as a result the judgment stands affirmed.
(Opinion published 60 N. W. 6T6.)