Lead Opinion

RoseNbekky, J.

The city of Oshkosh has a special charter. It is to be noted that in accordance with the provisions of sec. 11, ch. V, of this charter (Laws 1891, ch. 59), as well as by the provisions of sec. 925 — 71 of the general city charter law, fees of the kind in question do not under any circumstances belong to the officers earning them. Where officers are paid salaries, the fees must be paid into the city treasury.

*395Two questions are involved on this appeal: (1) Do the moneys mentioned in finding number 1, that is, fees earned by police officers for service by them rendered for arrest and travel in service of warrants, service of subpoenas, attendance at court, and custody of offenders, belong to and constitute a part of the police pension fund of the city of Oshkosh? (2) Do the moneys referred to in finding ntimber 6, that is, moneys collected from convicted offenders in city and state cases and taxed as costs against the offenders for the use of conveyances furnished and maintained by the city of. Oshkosh, belong to and constitute a part of the police pension fund ?

The trial court held that the moneys earned by the police •officers, as described in the first finding, do belong to the fund, and that the amount charged for the use of the city’s conveyance did not belong to the fund. The determination of the question raised involves the construction and interpretation of secs. 925 — 52i and 925 — 52m, Stats., which are as follows :

“Section 925 — 52i. For the purpose of establishing a permanent police pension fund said common councils shall cause to be set apart and to be retained and set apart by the treasurers of such cities all moneys received from dog licenses and one per cent, of all moneys received from all other licenses. There shall be deducted from the monthly pay of each member of the police department a sum equal to one per cent, of such monthly pay, which shall be added to such fund; also all moneys deducted for time lost by members on account of sickness; and there shall also be paid and added to said fund all rewards earned and received by members of such departments, and all moneys received from sales of unclaimed property, and any and all moneys and property of every nature devised, bequeathed or donated thereto.”

“Section 925 — 52m. All rewards in moneys, fees, gifts or emoluments that may be paid or given for or on account of any service of said police departments, or any member thereof, except when allowed to be retained by said member by resolution of said boards, or given to endow a medal or other permanent competitive reward, shall be paid into said fund and constitute a part thereof. . . .”

*396We have tbe benefit in tbis ease of a very able and exhaustive opinion by tbe trial judge. We shall adapt it to our use here without expectation of improving upon it.

Defendants contend (1) that the word “fees” occurring in sec. 925 — 52m relates only to fees allowed and paid to police officers and which under the law as it stood when the police pension fund law was enacted they were entitled to retain and which were not required to be paid into the city treasury, and refer to witness fees allowed and paid to such officers and customarily retained by them as an instance of the kind of fees covered by this .section, and argue that, because by the charter of the city of Oshkosh the officers had no right to retain the fees which make up the fund in dispute, the fund in question does not belong to the pension fund; (2) that the meaning of the word “fees” and also of the succeeding words “gifts or emoluments” occurring in the section in question is limited by the words “all rewards” preceding them in the section; in other words, that fees in the nature of rewards are covered by the section.

If extended to express fully this meaning the section would read as follows: “All rewards in moneys, all rewards in fees, all rewards in gifts or emoluments that may be paid or given,” etc. No doubt the general purpose of enacting this law was to promote efficiency and encourage continuity of service in the police departments in cities of the state, supplementing in that behalf the earlier statute providing a civil service system for such departments. In construing it, therefore, it should be given a construction in harmony with this purpose and one which will fairly realize the legislative purpose. The construction placed upon this statute by the trial court is that placed upon it by at least eight cities in which the statute is applicable. It has not, however, received such a practical construction as would warrant us in departing from the clear language of the statute in order to conform thereto. The proposition that the words “fees, gifts or emol*397uments” 'are simply explanatory of tbe words “rewards in moneys” is reached by an application of the maxim “Nos-citur a sociisNo doubt the word “reward” and the word “fee” in some relationships have substantially the same meaning. The question here is, What did the legislature intend by the language used ? The law contains a provision which makes it amendatory of the charters of cities of the second and third classes and repeals the provisions of such charters so far as they are in conflict with the law. There is a clear purpose on the part of the legislature to divert from the funds to which they had theretofore belonged certain moneys for the purpose of creating the pension fund in question. Taking into consideration the purpose of the act and the language used, we are of the opinion that by the word “fees” was meant those sums which are customarily paid to police officers for services rendered by them and which by law are required to be paid into the city treasury; that is, fees obtained by police officers for services by them rendered for arrest and travel in service of warrants, service of subpoenas, attendance at court, and custody of offenders, as was found by the trial court, being substantially the equivalent of the word “costs” as used in the last clause of sec. 925 — 71. It may be said in this connection that by the provisions of the charter of the city of Oshkosh police officers have and possess all the common-law and statutory .powers of constables. Sec. 844, Stats. 1915, provides that when a fee is allowed to a constable the same fee shall be allowed to other officers for the performance of the same service when such officer is authorized to perform such service.

The language of the exception in sec. 925 — 52m is peculiar when read in connection with the general charter law or with the charter of the city of Oshkosh. The law by its terms applies to all cities of the second and third classes. Many cities of these classes still operate under special charters. We have not examined them to see in what respects, *398if any, they differ from the charter of the city of Oshkosh or the general charter for cities. It may well be that in some of these cities governed by special charters police officers are compensated partly by salaries and partly by fees, in which event cities so governed could adjust this pension law to their local system without injustice or without disturbing unduly their peculiar conditions, and no doubt this provision was intended to cover some such cases. The fear expressed that this provision might enable an unscrupulous board of trustees of such pension fund to pay these fees to the individual officers for whose services they were taxed in those cities where such officers are paid a salary, cannot vary a construction of this statute clearly permissible by its language and in harmony with its purpose. Such action could not be taken by such boards without doing violence to the plain purpose of this statute and without violating the express terms of other statutes. The purpose of this statute being to create a pension fund, and not to increase the pay of individual police officers, it would not warrant the payment of these fees to officers already compensated by salaries. We must assume that the trustees of this fund will use it to accomplish the statutory purpose and will not attempt to divert it to other and unauthorized purposes*.

It is thought a difficulty arises where the offender is found not guilty. In that case the fees in question are not taxed and therefore are not paid. Sec. 925 — 52m deals only with such officers’ fees as have been paid and are either in the possession of the court or of the city treasurer. We therefore conclude that the trial court was correct in his construction of this law.

The plaintiff sought to compel the transfer of $765.25 charged and collected as costs for conveyance, the conveyance in question being a patrol wagon maintained at the expense of the city of Oshkosh and furnished to the police department for its use. Waiving the question as to whether *399or not sncli a charge is properly taxable, we aré clearly of the opinion that it is not a fee within the meaning of sec. 925- — 52m. If it is anything, it is a disbursement.

Sec. 843, Stats. 1915, contains the following provision:

“Constables may receive the following fees:

“For serving a warrant or other writ, not otherwise provided for, on each person named therein, twenty-five cents.

“For serving a subpoena or summons on each person named therein, twelve and a half cents. . . .

“'For each mile actually traveled, going and returning to serve any process . . . ten cents; . . .

“For committing to prison, thirty-seven cents. ...

“For attending on a jury, twenty-five cents.

“For attending at the command of a justice of the peace on the trial of a cause before him, fifty cents for each half day, which, in a criminal case, shall include his services as custodian of the defendant. . . .

“He shall also receive all his necessary disbursements actually made for board and conveyance of prisoners, to be settled by the county board.”

For the item referred to there appears to be no authority other than this section. It is clearly not a fee, and, if a. disbursement, does not belong to the fund in question. It is claimed, however, that it is a service rendered by the police department or some member thereof. Some member of the department may render service in connection with the use of this patrol wagon. If the patrol wagon may be said in any sense to render any service, the service rendered by it is rendered by the city of Oshlsosh and not by the police department. The use of the wagon is incidental to the service rendered by the department. Therefore we are of the opinion that the items which were derived from the charge for the conveyance are-not for fees paid for services of the police .department or any member thereof and cannot be ordered transferred to the police pension fund.

By the Court.- — Judgment affirmed.

Dissenting Opinion

ViNJE, J.

(dissenting). I am unable to concur in the conclusion of tbe court that fees taxed for services of police officers belong .to the police pension fund. The reasons for such nonconcurrence, stated briefly and without argument, are these: Police officers of Oshkosh are paid a salary. Such salary is compensation in full for all services under the employment for which legal compensation can be exacted. The fees taxed belong to the city by virtue of the provisions of sec. 9, ch. 24, Laws 1895, and sec. 925 — 71, Stats. 1915, which so expressly provide. They do not belong and are not paid to the police department or to any member thereof. It is not reasonable to suppose that the legislature intended to repeal the statutory provisions relative to the ownership of such fees by the use of the word “fees” in sec. 925 — 52m, especially in view of the proviso in sec. 925 — 52-y that secs. 925 — 52h to 925 — 52u, inclusive, shall in no way affect or apply to the provisions of any act or law in reference to another department of a city to which the police pension fund act applies. Yet the court’s construction of the term “fees” implies such repeal. Repeals by implication are not favored.

The word “fees” in sec. 925 — 52m is subject to the maxim Nosciiur a sociis and means a tip or gratuity, — an ordinary use of the term (see Webster, Internat. Diet.), and does not mean a legal charge. This is made clear by reference to the firemen’s statute, using the identical language and passed at the same time. Firemen receive no fees in the legal acceptation of the term. They are paid a salary. Sec. 1989, Stats. 1915. Hence in that statute the word “fees” must mean a gratuity, gift, or tip. It should receive the same construction in the statute under consideration. Then some reason would appear for the use of the language in sec. 925 — 52m providing that the rewards, fees, gifts, or emoluments therein referred to shall be paid into the police fund “except when allowed to be retained by said member by resolution of said boards.” Why the board of trustees should be given the *401power to determine whether legal fees for services rendered by officers paid a fixed salary shall be allowed to be retained by such officers or paid into the pension fund is not obvious. Such fees by force of statute belong to the city, as stated above. But under the interpretation put upon the word ■“fees” by the court, the board of trustees may deprive the police pension fund as well as the city of every cent of such revenue. It permits police officers to receive a fixed salary and in addition thereto fees for services rendered by them— double compensation. I do not believe the legislature contemplated or intended such a result. By construing the word “fees” to mean a gift or gratuity these anomalous results vanish and the act becomes a rational one.

Marshall, J. I concur in the foregoing opinion of Mr. Justice YiNJE.