State Ex Rel. Bishop v. BlackburnState Ex Rel. Bishop v. Blackburn
Ellender L. Bishop was charged with operating a motor vehicle under the influence of alcoholic beverages, third offense, in violation of
At the outset, we must dispose of the state‘s motion to dismiss defendant‘s application, filed in this court on the day the matter was set for argument, because defendant had been discharged from custody two weeks earlier after having served in full the sentence of which he complained. Defendant filed an opposition to the state‘s motion to dismiss contending his release from custody did not moot the issues of the invalidity of the two prior convictions.
It is clear that petitioner‘s cause is not moot. ... Because of these “disabilities or burdens [which] may flow from” petitioner‘s conviction, he has “a substantial stake in the judgment of conviction which survives the satisfaction of the sentence imposed on him.” On account of these “collateral consequences,” the case is not moot. [Citations omitted.]
Defendant‘s conviction for driving while intoxicated, third offense, also has substantial “collateral consequences” because a subsequent conviction for this same offense will subject him to the more severe penalty of ten to thirty years at hard labor. In addition, driving while intoxicated, third offense, is a felony since it may be punished by one to five years at hard labor, and thus triggers all restrictions imposed by law upon convicted felons. Accordingly, the motion to dismiss is denied.
Defendant contends that one of his prior convictions was improperly used to find him guilty of the instant offense in that the records of said conviction do not show that he knowingly waived his right to court-appointed counsel. The conviction complained of was based on a plea of guilty entered on August 15, 1974, to the crime of operating a vehicle while intoxicated. As a result, defendant was sentenced to pay a fine of three hundred dollars and costs. The minute entry at the time his guilty plea was entered merely reflects that he “waived the presence of an attorney.”
The minutes of the court must show either that the defendant was represented by counsel or that he was informed by the court of the defendant‘s right to court-appointed counsel.
Since defendant was not represented by counsel, the above statute requires that the minutes show that he was informed by the court of his right to court-appointed counsel. The minutes simply reflect that defendant waived the presence of “an attorney.” We are unable to say that the waiver was knowingly and intelligently made since the record does not reveal that defendant was informed of his right to court-appointed counsel. Accordingly, this conviction was improperly used to find defendant guilty of the instant conviction of operating a vehicle while intoxicated, third offense, where a term of imprisonment was imposed. We must reverse.
DECREE
For the reasons assigned, defendant‘s conviction and sentence are reversed and the bill of information is dismissed.
DIXON, C. J., concurs with reasons.
DIXON, Chief Justice (concurring).
I respectfully concur.
The majority correctly holds that the 1974 conviction may not be used as a basis for defendant‘s conviction as a third offender. In addition, the 1976 conviction should not be used for that purpose. The transcript of the proceeding in which Bishop entered that plea shows that he was not given any of the information required by Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, 89 S.Ct. 1709, 23 L.Ed.2d 274 (1969). In State v. Lewis, 367 So.2d 1155, 1160 (La.1979), we made the following statement regarding the use of guilty pleas in the context of multiple offender proceedings:
“... In a multiple offender hearing, only those previous pleas of guilty may be used to enhance a sentence which are supported by a contemporaneous record of a Boykin examination demonstrating the free and voluntary nature of a plea of guilty with an articulated waiver of the constitutional rights required by Boykin v. Alabama.”
While it is true that
In Lewis, we were not called upon to decide whether this rule includes pleas of guilty to misdemeanor charges, but the answer to that question is strongly implied by a recent United States Supreme Court decision, Baldasar v. Illinois, ___ U.S. ___, 100 S.Ct. 1585, 64 L.Ed.2d 169 (1980). In that case, the defendant entered an uncounseled plea of guilty, without waiver of right to counsel, to a charge of misdemeanor theft, and was fined and placed on probation. Evidence of that conviction was subsequently introduced to convert a later charge of misdemeanor theft into a felony punishable by one to three years imprisonment, as provided by an Illinois statute. In Scott v. Illinois, 440 U.S. 367, 99 S.Ct. 1158, 59 L.Ed.2d 383 (1979), the court had specifically held that the assistance of court appointed counsel is not constitutionally required in misdemeanor cases unless the defendant is actually sentenced to imprisonment. In Baldasar, the court reiterated that imprisonment is the factor which invokes the requirement of assistance of counsel and it observed that imprisonment for the second offense was premised upon the first, uncounseled conviction. The court rejected the state courts’ finding that defendant was sentenced to imprisonment for the second offense only, and it reversed the conviction and sentence.
The situation before us here is directly comparable. Bishop was sentenced to three years at hard labor for this third conviction, and the possibility of imprisonment at hard labor forms the “bright line” between felonies and misdemeanors in Louisiana.