270 S.W. 382 | Mo. | 1925
Lead Opinion
An information in the nature of a quo warranto was filed on June 4, 1921, in the Circuit Court of Clinton County, by the then prosecuting attorney of that county, by leave of court obtained, and at the relation of certain taxpayers and citizens of the school districts hereinafter mentioned, which, after alleging the existence, on April 3, 1917, of the School District of Lathrop and of Common School Districts Nos. 44 and 45, charged that respondents were "acting and using illegally the offices and franchises as school directors" of "Lathrop School District," and were claiming without any legal right the offices of "directors of School Districts Nos. 44 and 45, and of said School District of Lathrop," all in Clinton County, which offices it was charged were not warranted by law, but were usurped by respondents.
The information alleged that on April 3, 1917, the School District of Lathrop had within it more than two hundred children of school age, and that Districts Nos. 44 and 45 were duly organized and existing as common school districts. It was further alleged that on April 3, *256 1917, "at the annual school meeting in said three school districts, a proposition was wrongfully and illegally submitted to and adopted by the voters of said three districts, to change and extend the boundary lines of said School District of Lathrop so as to include therein all the territory and lands in Common School Districts Nos. 44 and 45, and thereby unlawfully and illegally consolidate said three districts in one district known as Lathrop School District." Although the information alleges that the proposition voted upon and adopted on April 3, 1917, was one to "change and extend the boundary lines of the School District of Lathrop so as to include therein" the lands and territory of Districts 44 and 45, the relators contend, and emphasize the contention, that what was then done was an attempt to form a consolidated school district, and apparently attached some significance to the fact that the School District of Lathrop is designated as "Lathrop School District" in the petition on which the elections were held. It is conceded that the School District of Lathrop had more than two hundred children of school age on April 3, 1917, and was a city district, Lathrop being a city of the fourth class.
The answer or return to the writ denied that the persons named as relators had such interest in the matters alleged as to make them proper parties to prosecute the action; admitted the submission and adoption of the proposition to extend boundary lines; denied that it was illegally submitted and adopted; set forth the presentation of the petition signed by ten qualified voters of said three school districts, the causing of notice of the submission to be given in the three districts by posting in at least five public places in Districts 44 and 45, and publication in the only newspaper in the School District of Lathrop, for fifteen days prior to April 3, 1917, the date of said annual meetings; the casting of the vote of a majority of the qualified voters of each of said districts in favor of said proposition; certification of the result thereof to the clerks of said districts; certification by them to the Superintendent of Public *257 Schools and to the County Clerk of Clinton County and action thereon and acquiescence therein; that thereafter the Board of Education of the School District of Lathrop levied taxes upon all property within the boundary lines as changed, and caused enumeration of all children therein of school age to be taken; that all tax moneys and moneys from the State were paid to the treasurer of the School District of Lathrop; that said Districts 44 and 45 turned over all of their property to said School District of Lathrop, and wholly ceased to exist or function as school districts; that two of respondents were residents of the territory taken in by the extension, respondent Rogers of the territory of which District 44 was composed, and respondent Trice of the territory formerly included in District 45, chosen by the electors of School District of Lathrop as now existing, and as successors to others formerly constituting said Board of Education of the School District of Lathrop. The answer further pleaded laches of relators, and that they were estopped from prosecuting the action.
The reply pleaded that the attempted change of boundary lines so as to include the territory of all three districts was unlawful and contrary to the forms of law governing the formation of consolidated school districts, and the law governing the annexation of districts to city or town school districts, and prayed that respondents be ousted. The cause was submitted to the court and no declarations of law were asked or given.
A consolidated school district cannot be formed so as to include within it a city or town school district which contains, at the time, two hundred or more children of school age. This is clear from the provisions of Sections 11255 and 11258, Revised Statutes 1919, in force at the time the elections were held. Under Section 11255 a consolidated school district can be formed having within it a village school district having less than two hundred children of school age, and under Section 11258 it is provided that no such district shall be formed under the provisions of Article IV covering consolidated school *258 districts which shall include within its territory any town or city district that at the time of the formation of such consolidated school district has two hundred children of school age. The respondents concede that the School District of Lathrop and Districts Nos. 44 and 45 could not form a consolidated school district. Their contention is that there was no attempt to form a consolidated school district. Consolidated school districts constitute a district class of school district, under the statute; as much so, as do common school districts, or city, or town school districts. Two methods of forming consolidated school districts are provided.
The first is under Section 11255, which authorizes the formation of a consolidated school district, out of three or more common school districts, or, out of a village district having less than two hundred children of school age, together with two or more adjoining districts. This contemplates the consolidation of several entire districts, and this, it is provided, may be done in accordance with the provisions of Section 11201 (State ex inf. Thompson v. Scott,
The other consolidated school district authorized to be formed is one by the qualified voters of a community. This is formed under the provisions of the Act of 1913 (Secs. 11257, 11258, 11259, R.S. 1919). The initiative step is a petition signed by at least twenty-five qualified voters of the community, filed with the County Superintendent of Public Schools, who shall determine the exact boundaries of the proposed consolidated district. Under either method there is the formation of a new district, which becomes a corporate entity, and as such displaces and supersedes, over all the territory embraced therein, the common school districts, or, village district and common school districts, of which the consolidated district is composed. Neither of such things was attempted *259 to be done in the proceedings here under consideration. What was attempted, was to extend the boundary lines of the School District of Lathrop so as to include within it all of the territory within Districts Nos. 44 and 45, and to maintain unbroken the corporate existence of the School District of Lathrop.
The respondents ground their defense of the proceedings had upon the provisions of Section 11201, Revised Statutes 1919 (Sec. 10837, R.S. 1909). The proposition adopted by the voters of each of the three districts pursuant to the petition, and the notices given, was expressly stated to be a proposition for changing district boundary lines under the provisions of Section 10837, Revised Statutes 1909, and that "the boundary lines of the Lathrop School District" (then embracing certain lands described) "shall be extended so as to include all the territory and lands in District Number 44" (describing the lands in District 44) "and in District No. 45" (describing said lands) "which change will make the boundary lines of Lathrop School District include territory and lands as follows:" (describing all of said lands). It is to be observed that in the petition, notices, etc., the city district was called "Lathrop School District." It was so designated, as the existing district whose boundary lines were to be extended, and so designated as the district, to be, after its boundary lines should be extended. Its proper designation under the statute, Section 11236, Revised Statutes 1919, was: "The School District of Lathrop." But, the mere fact that the petitioners and others in the proceedings to extend its boundary lines called it "Lathrop School District" is no evidence of a purpose to organize a new district, a consolidated district — under a new name. It was, and remained, "The School District of Lathrop," a city school district, unless it could become something else by virtue of the provision of Section 11201, and of the proceedings had thereunder.
The provisions of Section 11201 are in part extended by the provisions of Section 11253, so as to apply to *260 city, town and consolidated school districts. Four distinct things are authorized by Section 11201, and so much of it as is necessary to show the scope of authority thereunder is as follows:
"Section 11201. When it is deemed necessary (1) to form a new district, to be composed of two or more entire districts, or parts of two or more districts, (2) to divide one district to form two new districts from the territory therein, (3) to divide one district and attach the territory thereof to adjoining districts, or (4) to change the boundary lines of two or more districts, it shall be the duty of the district clerk of each district affected, upon the reception of a petition desiring such change, and signed by ten qualified voters residing in any district affected thereby, to post a notice of such desired change in at least five public places in each district interested fifteen days prior to the time of the annual meeting, or by notice for same length of time published in all the newspapers of the district; and the voters, when assembled, shall decide such question by a majority vote of those who vote upon such proposition."
Further on in said section there is found the following other provision: "At all elections to change boundaries the vote of those parties residing in the territory sought to be attached to or detached from a district shall be separately cast and counted by the parties or officers holding such election." Said section is a part of Article III of the laws applicable to common schools. Section 11253, a part of Article IV, concerning city, town and consolidated schools, is as follows:
"All the provisions of Section 11201 relating to the change ofboundary lines of common school districts, and all the provisions of Section 11204 and 11205, relating to the division of property between common school districts, shall apply to town, city and consolidated districts."
The effect of Section 11253 was considered in State ex inf. v. Sweaney,
"If Section 10881, supra, had provided that all the provisions of Section 10837, Revised Statutes 1909, should apply to town, city and consolidated districts, then there could be no question but that provision had been made for so dividing such districts, because Section 10837, supra, expressly provides for dividing one common school district into two new districts. But instead of the Legislature saying that all the provisions of Section 10837 should apply to town districts, it merely said that `all the provisions of Section 10837 relating to the changes of boundarylines of common school districts' should apply. Referring then to Section 10837 we find that the only express provision therein for changing boundary lines is the provision for changing `the boundary lines of two or more districts.' Other express provision is made for dividing one district into two new districts. It, we think, becomes at once apparent that the provision for changing the boundary lines of two or more districts could not, by any process of construction, be held to provide a way for dividing one district into two new districts."
For a like reason it is doubtful whether the provision for changing the boundary lines of two or more districts was intended to provide a way for extending the boundary lines of one district so as to include two other entire districts. A change of the boundary lines of two or more districts rather implies thecontinued existence of those districts after the change; the detachment of territory from one and its attachment to another. There is also to be considered the fact, that elsewhere express provision is made for the annexation of an entire school district adjoining any city, town or village district, to such city, town or village district. This is provided for by Section 11252. Under that section, the district desiring to be attached to the city district takes the initiative. *262 A special election in that district is called upon the petition of ten qualified voters of that district. If a majority favor the proposition, the city district is not compelled to annex, but may then annex such district by the affirmative votes of a majority of the members of its board of education. The proceedings had in the instant case did not follow the provisions of that section. In this case the petition (the same for each district) was signed by six qualified voters of the city district, by four from District 44, and by one from District 45.
In State ex inf. v. Sweany, supra, l.c. 693, this court held that it was unnecessary to construe Sections 10839 and 10840, Revised Statutes 1909 (Secs. 11204 and 11205, R.S. 1919), made applicable to city, town and consolidated school districts by the provisions of Section 11253, for the reasons that under the plain meaning of Section 10881, and also because the Legislature had provided another method for disorganizing town, city or consolidated districts, Section 10881 could not properly be construed differently from the construction that had been given it. The like reasons seem applicable here. The provisions of Sections 11204 and 11205 seem to refer only to a situation where a new district has been formed, as successor to old district, over certain territory, and it is necessary to ascertain what are the respective rights of the new district and of the old districts to moneys derived from taxes levied in the territories included.
The relators have proceeded upon the theory that the attempt was to form a new district, a consolidated school district, known as "Lathrop School District;" that such undertaking was unauthorized, and that there is and can be no such corporate body; and on that theory the suit is against respondents as the persons assuming to exercise the offices of school directors of a school corporate body which has no legal existence. The information also presents the theory that the School District of Lathrop and School Districts Nos. 44 and 45 still exist as corporate bodies, and that respondents as *263 school directors of "said Lathrop School District," a consolidated school district, illegally claim and usurp the offices of directors of the School District of Lathrop and of Districts Nos. 44 and 45.
The rule seems to be firmly settled that where the incorporation of a town or of a school district is attacked inquo warranto proceedings, the persons acting and assuming to be the officers of such town or school district are the proper parties, and the town or school district is not a proper party, and this, for the reason that the incorporation is denied. [State ex inf. v. Woods,
It was pleaded and shown that the results of the elections were certified to and accepted by the county officials and found by the trial court that after April 3, 1917, School Districts Nos. 44 and 45 ceased to function; maintained no schools; levied no taxes; made no enumeration of children of school age; but, that, after said date, all functions in the maintenance of a school, the levy of taxes, and receipt of school moneys from the State, and otherwise, had been performed as for and by the School District of Lathrop, for all the territory, and persons within the territory included within the three districts. These things and recognition thereof by the *264 state and county authorities, and acquiescence therein by relators, were pleaded in the answer as constituting laches on the part of relators, and operating as an estoppel upon them to question the validity of what had been done.
The trial court found that as the result of the elections of April 3, 1917, and proceedings thereunder, there was a change of the boundary lines of the School District of Lathrop, and that "by reason of the change of boundary lines of said School District of Lathrop," Districts Nos. 44 and 45 became and were incorporated into the School District of Lathrop, and that the change had been so "acted upon and accepted by the proper authorities of the State of Missouri, and the said three districts treated as one school district known as the School District of Lathrop." The court also found that the respondents, at the time of the issuance of the writ, were the "legally elected, qualified and acting members of the Board of Education of the School District of Lathrop, and that said School District of Lathrop, including former Common School Districts 44 and 45, is legally organized as a town and city school district of said county," and adjudged that the "liberties, privileges and franchises of the office of members of the Board of Education of the School District of Lathrop be allowed" to the respondents. If it be conceded that the change of boundary lines of the School District of Lathrop and inclusion thereby of additional territory was unauthorized, the concession, under the conclusive facts in the record, does not destroy the corporate existence of that district. Appurtenant and appropriate to that are the offices of six school directors, or members of its board of education. If the attempted extension of territory was unauthorized, that did not disorganize the School District of Lathrop, nor abolish the offices of directors of that district.
As the case stands upon the record made it is one in which a valid corporation has attempted to assume jurisdiction or ownership of, and has exercised jurisdiction *265 or ownership over territory, to which its right is challenged and is open to question; but, that goes only to the validity of the attempted appropriation, and does not affect the lawful organization of the corporation itself. The question of whether or not the extension was valid can be answered either yes or no without affecting the validity of the corporation — the School District of Lathrop. For the determination of the question the School District of Lathrop is a proper party, indeed, a necessary party. The rule is stated in State ex inf. v. McClain, 187 Mo. l.c. 414, taken from 23 Am. Eng. Ency. Law (2 Ed.) 622, and is as follows: "Quo warranto to test the right of a legal municipality to exercise jurisdiction over certain territory, as in cases of attempted extension of corporate limits, may be brought directly against the municipality, but when the right to exercise jurisdiction over territory depends upon the legality of an organization as a municipal corporation, the individuals assuming jurisdiction are the proper defendants according to the usual rule already stated."
The same rule had been announced in State ex inf. v. Fleming,
"To have made the city a party defendant, as informants by motion sought to have done after the cause upon its merits had been submitted to the court, in order that an inquiry might properly be made into the charge that it had abused its franchise or usurped powers and liberties not lawfully possessed, such as the incorporation of territory over which it had no control, would *266 have been a recognition of the lawful existence of the very corporation which the informants by the proceeding against the individual respondents sought to impeach the validity of.
"The proceedings in this case against the individual respondents and against the city would have been inconsistent. The city not being a party, the question as to the alleged exercise by it of an unlawful power as charged by informants could under no circumstances be here inquired into. When the proceeding is to restrain a corporation from the unlawful exercise of a franchise to it belonging, or to oust corporation from the exercise of a franchise which it usurps, it must be against the corporation itself, and not against its officers."
The rule, in both aspects was stated in State ex inf. v. Woods,
Relevant to the foregoing the case of State ex inf. v. Kansas City,
In State ex inf. Killam v. Consolidated School District,
Under the facts in this record conceded, or conclusively appearing, the respondents were assuming to act, and exercising the offices of directors or members of the Board of Education of the School District of Lathrop, a body corporate all of the time duly organized and existing. Their acts as affecting the territory included within Districts Nos. 44 and 45 are attributable solely to the official relation of respondents to the School District of Lathrop. The validity of their acts in respect of that territory depends solely upon the validity of the extension which the school district undertook to make, of its boundary lines, so as to include that territory.
Counsel for relators in their briefs have stated the issue as follows:
"In this proceeding the respondents are called upon directly to show their right to exercise collectively the duties of the governing body of a quasi-corporation for school purposes. That right depends upon the *268 existence of the office, and the existence of the office depends on the existence of the municipality to which it pertains. They must show its existence in return to the challenge of the State, and in doing so must plead the existence of the facts necessary to its creation."
The pleadings show the existence, past and present, of the corporation, the School District of Lathrop. The existence of the offices of directors of that district arises out of the law. The evidence fails to show assertion of authority by a consolidated school district, or attempt to do so by such a district, or by respondents as directors of such a district, but shows exercise of authority by the School District of Lathrop. The charge made was that the authority said to be unlawfully exercised was exercised by and for an alleged consolidated school district, not legally incorporated, and the record shows that the authority exercised is by and for a legal body corporate, and the primary question is the validity of an extension of its boundary lines.
For the determination of that question the School District of Lathrop is a necessary party. The real question arising upon the whole record made is whether the School District of Lathrop, a legal body corporate, has the right to exercise authority over the territory in dispute, or is illegally exercising over that territory its franchise and powers as a city school district. That question is not properly determinable in a quo warranto proceeding to which the corporation itself is not made party. For that reason the question of laches of relators and of estoppel is not now determined.
The evidence shows that respondents Rogers and Trice were not residents of the original School District of Lathrop, but that Rogers was a resident of District 44 and Trice a resident of District 45. Since it is not proper in this proceeding to adjudge that the territory of those districts was not incorporated into the School District of Lathrop, for that reason, it is not proper, to determine that said Rogers and Trice should be ousted *269 from the offices of directors of the School District of Lathrop.
The judgment of the trial court in that it denied a writ of ouster against the respondents as directors of the School District of Lathrop should be affirmed, and in that it adjudged the extension of the boundary lines of the School District of Lathrop, valid, so as to include and incorporate therein the territory and lands of Districts 44 and 45, should be reversed without prejudice, as being rendered without jurisdiction of the School District of Lathrop, necessary party to the determination of that question. Seddon, C., concurs.
Addendum
The foregoing opinion of LINDSAY, C., is adopted as the opinion of the court. All the judges concur, except Atwood, J., not sitting.