273 Mo. 198 | Mo. | 1918
This proceeding was begun by an information in the nature of a quo waarfanto filed in the circuit court of Lincoln County by the prosecuting attorney of that county, at the relation of twenty-five
On the trial of the cause the records of the county court of Lincoln County, relating to the attempted formation of the Silex & Louisville Road District, under Sections 10611 to 10625c, Laws 1913, pages 677 t<5 695, together with the petition and notice in said matter, were offered in evidence.
The petition in the proceeding set out the boundaries of the proposed road district, stating that it included in the aggregate 11360 acres; set out a description of the several tracts of land included in it, with the name of the owner and the number of acres of each tract, and was signed in proper form by thirty-five or forty of such owners. The statutory notice, dated on the day the petition was filed, signed by the clerk of the county court, setting forth the same boundaries as stated in the petition with the same number of acres, 11360, was directed to the several parties named as landowners in the petition. Proof of the proper service of notice also was made.
The order of the county court incorporating the district was made May 17, 1915, being the first term following the filing of the petition and the publication of the notice. It recites, among other things, that the court finds the petition and notice were in due form and the notice duly served, “and that the court has duly acquired and has jurisdiction of the subject-matter of this cause and of all the persons interested therein, and of all the lands located within the boundary of said district.” The order then recites:
*204 “The court further finds from the evidences adduced that the public good requires and makes necessary that the boundaries of the said proposed district as set out in the petition and notice should be changed, but that such changes in the boundaries proposed shall not be so as to embrace any land not included in the notice given by'the clerk of this court; that after such changes in the boundaries are made, the court further finds that such petition is signed and in writing- consented to by the owners of more than a majority of all the acres of land within the district as so changed, and that said district and the boundaries thereof as changed are in all respects suitable and proper, and that said district ought and should properly be incorporated and established by the name, and with the boundaries so changed as aforesaid.”
Then follows a description of the land included within the boundaries of the district as changed, leaving out a large part of the land included within the boundaries set qut in the petition and notice. The land left out in the order is stated by the appellant to be two thousand acres; the respondents claim it is only one thousand two hundred and twenty acres. However, it is unquestioned that it is a large tract, some of it contiguous to the proposed road marked on the plat submitted to the court showing the boundaries of the district and the direction of a road in contemplation from Silex to Louisville.
The record does not show that a remonstrance was filed to the petition nor that the petition was amended so as to conform to the territory embodied in the district covered by the’ order. Recitals in the order indicate that no remonstrance was filed and the petition was not amended. It does not appear , by the record thus introduced nor by other evidence that the parties, the relators, or any of them, were present at the time of the hearing of the matter before the county court, or that there was any hearing other than the considera
The statute under which the proceeding was had, Section 10612, Laws 1913, page 678, requires that a petition signed by the owners of a.' majority of the acres of land within the district proposed to be organized, and “setting forth the proposed name of the district and giving the boundaries thereof,” etc., shall be filed in the office of the clerk of the county court thirty days before the beginning of the regular term of said court, and requires the clerk to give notice, setting forth the manner in which the notice is to be given:
“Said notices shall contain the names of at least three signers of said petition and set out the boundaries of the said proposed district, and shall notify all owners of land in said proposed district who may desire to oppose the formation thereof to appear on the first day of such regular term of court and file their written remonstrance thereto.”
The section then provides for the filing of remonstrances in writing, which are required to state the objections of remonstrators to the formation of the district; and, at the term of court following, “the court shall hear such petition and remonstrance, and shall make any change in the boundaries of such proposed district as the public good may require and make neces
The section then directs:
“If no remonstrance shall have been filed, or all remonstrances filed are overruled by the court, the court shall determine whether such petition has been signed by the owners of a majority of the acres of land in the district, and if so, shall make an order incorporating the district with the boundaries given in the petition, or with such boundaries as may be set forth in an amended petition signed by the owners of a majority of the acres of land affected thereby; and such amended petition may be filed at any time before the making of the order establishing a road district, but the boundaries proposed for the district shall not be so changed as to embrace any land not included in the notice given by the clerk unless the owner thereof shall in writing consent thereto, or shall appear-at the hearing,” etc.
Then follow sections of the act which make provision for the appointment and election of commissioners after the incorporation of the district, their organization, the levy of taxes, the issuance of bonds, petitions for road improvements and the hearing of objections and exceptions to such improvement and the apportionment of the tax against the property .of the district, in accordance with its value, and the benefits to be received from the construction of the road according to its distance from the road so constructed, the issuance of tax bills, making of contracts for the construction of the road, etc.
This statute shows that two contingencies are provided for on the hearing of the petition:
First, where remonstrances are filed the court hears the petition and the remonstrances and if the, public good requires it, makes a change in the boundaries of
The second contingency, the one with which we have to deal, is where no remonstrance has been filed or all remonstrances have been overruled by the court; that is, where remonstrances are left entirely out of consideration, with nothing on file for the court to consider in the formation of the district except the petition; then, the statute says:
“The court shall determine whether such petition has been signed by the owners of a majority of the acres of land in the district, and if so, shall make an order incorporating the district with the boundaries given'in the*208 petition or with such boundaries as may be set forth in an amended petition signed by owners of a majority of the acres of land affected thereby; and such amended petition may be filed at any time before the making of the order establishing a road district.”
It is possible that the Legislature had in mind here that the filing of an amended petition setting forth different boundaries from those contained in the original petition would be a change of which all parties interested must take notice.
But the court is not authorized to make “any change” in such case which does not conform to the petition as amended. The district in this case was incorporated with boundaries entirely different from those set out in the petition, and no amended petition was filed.
Those who were notified of the proceeding in the first instance were informed that a certain number of acres, eleven thousand three hundred and sixty, would bear the burden and expense of such roads as might be built. To this no one objected. As the road district was incorporated a large part of this land, in quantity ten or fifteen per cent., the value not being given, was left out, placing an additional burden, not contemplated in the original petition and notice, upon the land remaining in the district. And, so far as the record shows, the change was made when relators had no opportunity to be heard in opposition to it.
It has been held frequently that a county court when acting in a judicial capacity acquires jurisdiction only by strict compliance with a statute which gives it authority to act; and it is a rule that all the facts necessary to confer jurisdiction and make valid an act of the county court must affirmatively appear upon the face of its record.
Respondents cite several cases in support of their position. All these are cases where the facts found by the court to give it jurisdiction are either specifically found in every respect or else there is a finding in general terms from which the specific facts necessary to coin fer jurisdiction are presumed to have been found, and in all the cases cited there^were collateral attacks upon the judgments. A quo warranto proceeding is a direct attack upon, and in fact the appropriate direct proceeding by which to attack the validity of the county court’s order incorporating the district. [State ex rel. v. Wilson, 216 Mo. l. c. 275; State ex inf. v. Fleming, 158 Mo. l. c. 561; State ex rel. v. Mining Co., 262 Mo. l. c. 503.]
In this case the record shows exactly what the county court found in order to confer jurisdiction; that is, that the petition was in due form and the notice regularly served. There was no finding of any facts which would confer jurisdiction to make the change in the boundaries of the district; that is, no finding that there was an
The rule that a purely legislative function, under the constitutional division of powers, cannot be delegated by the lawmaking branch of government, is still adhered to pretty consistently in this State. [See Merchants Exchange v. Knott, 212 Mo. 616, l. c. 641-2, and cases cited there.] It is outside the scope of our inquiry to attempt a survey of the undefined territory occupied by the supposed exceptions to this rule. But a
The Legislature may confer upon certain officers, boards, commissions and courts, power to carry out in detail the legislative will, to promulgate rules and regulations, to ascertain facts upon which the operation of a statute would depend, or carry through certain prescribed procedure by which to put in force certain statutes in limited districts. [6 R. C. L. 177; 12 C. J. 809.] Such powers sometimes are spoken of by the courts as powers delegated by the legislative authority, when the word is used to designate the purpose to be accomplished rather than the function exercised in accomplishing it. [Merchants Exchange v. Knott, 212 Mo. 616, l. c. 633, 636; State v. Thompson, 160 Mo. 333, l. c. 343-4.] Usually they are designated as administrative or judicial functions “conferred upon” such bodies or powers with which they are “intrusted.” [McGhee v. Walsh, 249 Mo. l. c. 283; State v. Vickens, 186 Mo. 103, l. c. 106; State ex rel. Maggard v. Pond, 93 Mo. 606, l. c. 621; State ex rel. v. Fort, 210 Mo. l. c. 557; State ex rel. v. Glaves, 268 Mo. l. c. 104-5; Meier v. St. Louis, 180 Mo. l. c. 409.]
The law relating to the incorporation of drainage districts in some of its general features is like the statute under consideration here, and drainage dis
This court said in In re Birmingham Drainage Distrist v. Railroad, 266 Mo. 60: “To accomplish the single purpose of putting in action a drainage district required not only the enactment of a statute fixing the extent, purpose and general powers of the district, which is a purely legislative function, but the appropriation of private property for such purpose and determining the damage therefor by jury trial, which are distinctly judicial functions. Between these lies ‘no man’s land,’ a region of action unclassified by the terms of the Constitution. ’ ’
This “legislative function” is exercised by the Legislature when it enacts the law.
The “appropriate agencies” spoken of further on in this opinion, by which such public corporations are “put into effect,” are invested with administrative and judicial functions.
The sections of the statute under consideration were held constitutional by this court, because the assessments contemplated were “not public taxes within the meaning of the Constitution authorizing the levy and collection of taxes for public or governmental purposes, but are special taxes assessed against the property for the payment for the improvements -. . . which in legal contemplation adds to the value of the property as much or more than the amount of taxes imposed.” [Embree v. Road District, 257 Mo. l. c. 610.]
While authority merely to lay off special taxing-districts may be granted by the Legislature to certain boards, or councils, or other administrative bodies, yet
From the earliest time it has been held that the act of the county court incorporating a municipal corporation is a judicial act. [Kayser v. Trustees of Bremen, 16 Mo. 88; State ex rel. v. Mining Co 2662 Mo. l. c. 502; State ex inf. v. Fleming, 158 Mo. l. c. 563.] In organizing road districts the county court doubtless exercises certain ministerial functions, but necessarily “judicial questions arise in the course of the proceeding” when the county court passes upon the facts which would give it jurisdiction, when it determines whether or not the petition is properly signed and the notice is duly served. It is a judicial function which the county court must exercise when it determines whether or not the lands included in a district will be benefited by the contemplated improvements. [Fallbrook Irrigation District v. Bradley, 164 U. S. l. c. 169.]
Respondents contend further that the county court may incorporate the district without making any such inquiry as to benefits. They quote the language of Section 10611 that the court may organize a district “of any dimensions that may be deemed advisible,” and the language of Section 10612, relating to making such changes as the public good may require, and argue that the statutes under consideration provide for a determination of that matter later, when the question of specific improvement comes up, and therefore it need not be considered at the formation of the district.
“As the district was not established by the 'Legislature but by an exercise of delegated authority, there was no legislative decision that its location, boundaries and needs were such thdt the lands therein would be benefited by its creation and ivhat it was intended to accomplish, and, this being so, it was essential to due process of law that the landowners be accorded an opportunity to be heard upon the question whether their land would be thus benefited.”
The opinion points out (p. 249) that this court (Embree v. Road District, 257 Mo. 593) did not definitely decide just' when the inquiry should be had. The U. S. Court then was considering only the formation of the district and the prerequisite notice; that was the matter before it. That no doubt might arise as to when the consideration of benefits must be had, the court said (p. 248):
“That a-hearing of some kind was contemplated is obvious, and is conceded. But it is insisted that it was not to be directed to the question whether the lands included would be benefited by the creation of the district and what ft was intended to accomplish. If that were so, there would be little purpose in the hearing and no real necessity for it.”
“We conclude therefore that the statute did provide for according the landowners an opportunity to he heard, when the district was created, upon the question whether their lands would he benefited, and also that the order establishing the district shows that the statute was complied with in that regard.”
Language could not plainer state that in organizing the district the court must determine, after notice and opportunity to landowners to be heard, whether or not lands located within its proposed boundaries would he benefited. [See also French v. Barber Asphalt Paving Co., 181 U. S. l. c. 341.] Of course, it is not meant by this that the county court would definitely assess the benefits which would accrue to the several tracts of land for a road which would he built, — that was left for consideration in subsequent proceedings. But it must he decided by the county court that all the land in the district would be benefited by the formation of a district in an amount approximating the probable burdens. Of. course,the mere laying out of the district, without more, would not benefit anybody’s lands. It is not likely that the county court would ever find the “public good” required such purposeless action. In the very nature of a case when a district is formed it is formed for the purpose of constructing some contemplated road or roads and in such case the county court probably has information as to the location and extent of the road or roads in contemplation when the petition is presented, otherwise how could it determine that the public good required the formation of the district?
The road district law shows the legislative intention to have this inquiry before the district shall be organized. It provides for notice and hearing at that time. There would be “no necessity” for such notice, as suggested in the Embree opinion, and the hearing would he an inconsequential formality, if the determination of that matter were not had at that time.
We conclude that the county court in such proceeding acts judicially in determining whether the land in
In this connection it is argued that the order would not be a nullity, but the district formed would be the one described in the petition; that the law would presume that the order conformed to the petition, and the proper proceeding was to compel the court by a mandamus to enter the judgment in conformity to that presumption. That position ignores the actual finding of the court that a change was necessary and was made, and ignores the judicial character of the act performed. It assumes that the function of the county court in the matter is merely ministerial. The circuit court could not by mandamus compel the county court to exercise its discretion in any particular way. It was confined to the record made, and the record shows on its face that the county court did not make the order which respondents claim must be presumed to have been made. It would be just as appropriate to indulge the presumption contended for if the record were entirely silent or if it showed the petition dismissed.
The judgment is reversed and the cause remanded with directions to the circuit court to enter judgment declaring the action of the county court incorporating the Silex & Louisville Road District of Lincoln County entirely void and ousting the respondents as commissioners of such road district.
PER CURIAM. — The foregoing modified opinion by White, C., is adopted as the opinion of the court.