We note at the outset that the intervenor has failed to identify the various exceptions upon which its assignments of error are based as required by Rule 28(b)(5) of the Rules of Appellate Procedure. Pursuant to Rule 2 of the Rules of Appellate Procedure, we deem it appropriate to dispose of this appeal on the merits.
Interstate first contends that the trial court committed reversible error in denying its motion to intervene. Specifically, Interstate contends that it had a mandatory right to intervene in the proceedings. We disagree.
Interstate argues first that G.S. § l-440.33(g) confers on it an unconditional right to intervene. The material portion of G.S. § 1440.33(g) declares that:
If more than one order of attachment is served on a garnishee, the court from which the first order of attachment was issued shall, upon motion of the garnishee or of any of the attaching creditors, make parties to the action all of the attaching creditors, . . .
Clearly, this provision applies where more than one order of attachment has been served on the garnishee and when the person making a motion under this section is either the garnishee or an *263 attaching creditor. Generally, an attaching creditor is one who has caused an attachment to be issued and levied on the property of the debtor. Black’s Law Dictionary at 332 (5th ed. 1979). N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-440.12 (1983) governs the issuance of an order of attachment. When read in pari materia with N.C. Gen. Stat. §§ 1-440.10 and 1-440.11 (1983), this section directs the court to issue an order of attachment when the requisite affidavit and bond have been filed. Further, in order to levy on property of the debt- or in the possession of a garnishee, the sheriff must deliver to the garnishee a copy of the order of attachment, the summons to garnishee, and the notice of levy. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-440.25 (1983).
In this case, Interstate did not comply with the statutory procedures. The “notice of levy” served upon the garnishee by Interstate was insufficient process to accord Interstate the status of attaching creditor. See N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-440.12 (1983); G.S. § 1-440.25. It was incumbent on Interstate, if it desired to establish a lien by attachment or an interest in the attached property, to put its claim in issue by filing a proper claim in accordance with N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1-440.1 et seq. or § 1-440.43(2) (1983). That Interstate failed to employ either of these well-defined mechanisms is unquestioned. Consequently, Interstate’s contention that it can intervene as an attaching creditor under G.S. § l-440.33(g) fails.
Interstate argues next that it had a right to intervene in these proceedings under Rule 24(a)(2) of the Rules of Civil Procedure.
Rule 24(a)(2) provides in relevant part:
(a) Intervention of right. Upon timely application anyone shall be permitted to intervene in an action:
(2) When the applicant claims an interest relating to the property or transaction which is the subject of the action and he is so situated that the disposition of the action may as a practical matter impair or impede his ability to protect that interest, unless the applicant’s interest is adequately represented by existing parties.
Assuming,
arguendo,
that Interstate has met the prerequisites of Rule 24(a)(2) as to interest in the property, the dis-
*264
positive consideration is timeliness. Timeliness is the threshold question to be considered in any motion for intervention.
Comment
to Rule 24(a) of the Rules of Civil Procedure;
Corley v. Jackson Police Dept.,
As a general rule, motions to intervene made prior to trial are seldom denied. Conversely, motions to intervene made after judgment has been rendered are disfavored and are granted only after a finding of extraordinary and unusual circumstances or upon a strong showing of entitlement and justification.
U.S. v. Association Milk Producers, Inc.,
Although there is a paucity of North Carolina cases defining the parameters of timeliness under Rule 24, we believe that our decision in
Berta v. Highway Comm.,
In this case, Interstate filed a motion to intervene after entry of default against defendant. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1A-1, Rule 55 of
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the Rules of Civil Procedure (1983) which governs the entry of default and judgment by default, contemplates a two-step procedure in order to take a judgment by default. The entry of default, which is the first step, is interlocutory in nature and is not a final judicial action.
Battle v. Clanton,
In summary, we hold that under the facts and circumstances presented by this case, Interstate did not have a statutory right to intervene under G.S. § 1-440.33(g) and that its motion to intervene under Rule 24(a) was untimely. Accordingly, this assignment of error is overruled.
Interstate contends next that the trial court erred in finding that Dean Witter’s motion to join all attaching creditors was moot. We disagree. More specifically, Interstate contends that the motion to join all attaching creditors was not moot because the issue of whether its lien was superior to the lien of the Credit Union remains unresolved. We reject this contention. For reasons already stated, Interstate did not have a lien on the personal property held by Dean Witter. Thus, there was no issue of superiority of liens as between Credit Union and Interstate. Dean Witter’s motion to join all attaching creditors was inapposite and therefore was moot from the outset.
*266 Interstate also argues that the motion to join all attaching creditors was not moot because, the relief sought, to exonerate Dean Witter as to all claims of competing creditors, was not granted. In our view, Interstate misconstrues the relief sought by Dean Witter’s motion. The relief sought by a motion under G.S. § 1440.33(g) is to make parties to the action all attaching creditors. As we have already stated, there was only one attaching creditor in this action. Consequently, any relief that might have been granted under this statute would have been meaningless. Further, contrary to Interstate’s contentions, delivery of personal property held by a garnishee to a sheriff, armed with the appropriate judicial process, exonerates the garnishee as to the personal property delivered. N.C. Gen. Stat. § 1440.28(c) (1983). This argument is, likewise, rejected. Accordingly, we hold that the trial court did not err in finding that Dean Witter’s motion to join all attaching creditors was moot.
For the reasons stated, the order and the amended order appealed from are
Affirmed.