244 Pa. 29 | Pa. | 1914
Opinion by
This is an action of foreign attachment brought by the State Bank of Chicago, a corporation of Illinois, against Edward D. King, defendant, and the Fidelity Title & Trust Company, as garnishee. The defendant appeared, and entered security, and the attachment was dissolved. The suit is based on a contract of guaranty, of which the following is a copy: “For value received and in further consideration of the discounting from time to time by the State Bank of Chicago for the Finsen Light Institute of America, an Illinois corporation, of notes,, acceptances and other commercial paper, signed or endorsed by said Finsen Light Institute of America, we hereby jointly and severally guarantee the prompt payment of all notes, drafts, acceptances and other commercial paper so discounted or money advanced thereon by the said State Bank of Chicago for the said Finsen Light
“In Witness Whereof, we have this day set our hands and seals this 10th day of July A. D. 1906.”
This paper was executed by the defendant and six other persons, and was delivered to the plaintiff at .Chicago, Illinois. Under this guaranty the plaintiff claimed to recover for the amount of three notes, discounted for the Finsen Light Institute of America, aggregating with interest $3,037.57. Three defenses were set up: (1), that no notice of the acceptance of the guaranty was given by plaintiff to defendant; (2), that two names of guarantors were added to the guaranty, after defendant had signed it, without his knowledge or consent, and (3), that plaintiff had not exhausted its remedies against the principal debtor. The first and second defenses only are pressed upon this appeal, and the third has apparently been abandoned. Upon the trial in the court below a verdict was directed for the plaintiff, in the sum of $3,000, the full amount of the guaranty. From the judgment entered upon this verdict, the defendant has appealed.
The contract was made and was to be performed in ■ the State of Illinois. It is to be construed, and its va- . lidity and the nature of its obligation is therefore to be determined in accordance with the law of that state: Musser v. Stauffer, 192 Pa. 398; Tenant v. Tenant, 110 Pa. 478.
The record in this case does not show that proof was made in any manner of the law of Illinois, as applicable to the question involved. It does appear, however, from the opinion of the trial judge, that the court below, at some point in the case was, “referred to the official printed reports of the decisions of the courts of last resort of Illinois.” The proper practice would have been . to prove the law of Illinois upon the point involved by a skilled witness having knowledge thereof, or at least; to
The opinion refers with approval to 14 Am. & Eng. Ency. L. (2d Ed.), 1145, where it is said: “Where a guaranty is absolute no notice of its acceptance is necessary to fix the liability of the guarantor, unless notice be made a condition of the guaranty. An absolute guaranty takes effect as soon as it is acted upon, and to support an action against the guarantor, nothing more is necessary to be shown than that the party to whom it is addressed acted upon it.” In Taylor v. Tolman Co., 47 Ill. App. 264, also cited by the. court below, the contract recited a consideration. This was held to make it an. absolute guaranty. Mr. Justice Phillips said, (p. 267) : “Under this contract a consideration is recited and the defendants cannot be heard to say that the consideration was not received, and the recital of the payment of that consideration was the acceptance of the guaranty.” In Mamerow v. Lead Co., 98 Ill. Ap. 460, affirmed in 206 Ill. 626, where a guaranty of the payment by a corporation, of which the guarantors, as in the case at bar, were stockholders and directors, “of all moneys, debts, obligations and demands, of whatever nature or character, now due or which may hereafter become due,” was in question, it was held (p. 463) that
Under these authorities we think the court below was entirely right in holding that the guaranty in the present case, reciting as it does a consideration, is absolute, and that it took effect as soon as it was acted upon, and no notice to the gaurantors, of its acceptance was necessary.
As to the question of the effect of the alteration of the guaranty, by the addition of two other names, the law of Illinois upon this question appears to be as set forth in Ryan v. Bank, 148 Ill. 349. The syllabus there reads: “While the general rule is, that the unauthorized alteration of a contract by a party to it renders the same void, the rule has been so far relaxed, at least in this country, that such an alteration even though made by a party to the contract, will not destroy its validity, unless the alteration is found to be material.” In the case of The Governor v. Lagow, 43 Ill. 134; the Supreme Court of Illinois, by Mr. Justice Bkeese, said (p. 145) : “Upon the point made by appellees that the signature of James Nabb was obtained to the bond after their testator had signed it, we are of opinion it did not avoid the bond if done before its delivery to the Governor. Before its delivery, Eyan could have procured as many names as he,chose to his bond.” Under these cases the fact that the names of two additional guarantors were added after the defendant had signed would constitute no defense for him. The contract of guaranty, was joint and several. The addition of the two names imposed no additional liability on appellant, but on the Contrary relieved him to the extent of providing additional persons, from whom he would be entitled to demand contribution, if he should be compelled to pay anything under his contract. He was not prejudiced in any way by the change.
The assignments of error are overruled, and the judgment is affirmed.