309 N.Y. 953 | NY | 1956
On the record before us, there is no doubt that plaintiff was a trespasser as matter of law, rather than a licensee, insofar as the operation of the elevator was concerned. (See Carbone v. Mackchil Realty Corp., 296 N. Y. 154; Sanders v. Favorable Realty Corp., 290 N. Y. 591; Zaia v. Latex Realty Corp., 287 N. Y. 689; Mendelowitz v. Neisner, 258 N. Y. 181.) And it is equally plain that the record is devoid of any proof sufficient to warrant a finding that defendant breached a duty owed a trespasser. (See, e.g., Carbone v. Mackchil Realty Corp., supra, 296 N. Y. 154, 158-159; Vaughan v. Transit Develoyment Co., 222 N. Y. 79; Barry v. New York Central & H. R. R. R. Co., 92 N. Y. 289, 293.) If that were all there was to this case, then, the judgment would have to be reversed and the complaint dismissed. However, there is more.
Plaintiff endeavored, as we read the record, to introduce testimony to demonstrate that there was a practice of permitting third persons to operate and use the elevator by themselves, in the absence of any employee of defendant. Exclusion of that testimony constituted error, requiring a new trial, for, if evidence had been adduced tending to show that there had been extensive and notorious operation of the elevator by tenants and others visiting the premises and that defendant owner had acquiesced in and permitted such user without demur, a basis would have existed for a finding by the jury that plaintiff was a licensee rather than a trespasser. (Cf. Mayer v. Temple Properties, 307 N. Y. 559, 561 et seq.; Antonio v. Long Is. R. R. Co., 290 N. Y. 718; Byrne v. New York Central & H. R. R. R. Co., 104 N. Y. 362, 366.)
The judgment of the Appellate Division should be reversed and a new trial granted, with costs to abide the event.
Conway, Ch. J., Desmond, Fuld, Fboessel, Van Voobhis and Burke, JJ., concur; Dye, J., taking no part.
Judgment reversed, etc.
