75 Tenn. 454 | Tenn. | 1881
delivered the opinion of the court.
In the month of July, 1858, Richard Stanley departed this life intestate,, without children, leaving the complainant Mary Stanley, his widow, and sole dis-tributee. Among his personal assets were two notes of Josiah Howser, payable to him one day after date, and under seal, one dated January 6, 1856, for $100 in gold, the other dated November 21, 1856, for $50'
The complainant says she retained these two notes as a means of procuring a support from their proceeds in her old age; that her brother knew of her intention, and often in his last years promised to pay her the amount due thereon ; that he often told other persons that he' owed her the debt, and intended to pay her; that when his health began to fail he sold his land, assigning as a reason that complainant needed the money, and should have it; and that he promised to pay her within six years, and within one year before his death.
The defendant in his answer admits the death of Richard Stanley intestate, without children, and that
At the time the notes sued on were executed there was no statute of limitations applicable to instruments under seal, and by the express terms of the Code, which went into effect May 1, 1858, such instruments were not affected by the limitations therein provided: Code, sec. 47. The rights of the parties are regulated by the pre-existing law: Mason v. Spurlock, 4 Baxt., 554. By that law, payment of the notes might be presumed after the lapse of sixteen years from their maturity until the commencement of an action upon them: Squibb v. Blackburn, Peck, 64. From the time which has thus elapsed in this case must be deducted, according to some of our authorities, the period during which the courts were closed by the civil war: Conner v. Mathis, 5 Heis., 575; Kirkpatrick v. Brashear, 10 Heis., 372. And, according to other of our authorities, the period of the suspension of the statutes of limitation: Carter v. Wolfe, 1 Heis., 694; Gwyn v. Porter, 5 Heis., 253; Sims v. Chattanooga, 2 Lea, 694. In either view, the sixteen years have elapsed. But the lapse of the required time only raises a presumption of payment, and the defense at
The presumption of payment may, moreover, be rebutted by any evidence tending to satisfy the court or jury that the debt is still due. The relationship of the parties, the condition of the debtor as to solvency, the leniency or the reverse of the creditor, the recognition of the debt, or other circumstances, may repel the presumption: Anderson v. Settle, 5 Sneed, 202; Yarnell v. Moore, 3 Cold., 173. And the recognition of the debt need not be made directly to the creditor, nor to some person with the intent that it should be communicated to him: Fisher v. Phillips, 4 Baxt., 243. To avoid the bar of the statute of limitations, the new promise must be made to the creditor or his agent, or to a third party to be communicated to the creditor: Roller v. Bachman, 5 Lea, 153. The reason is, that the statute confers a positive right, which can only be taken away by a new promise, express or implied. But the presumption of payment from lapse of time is not the matter of a plea in bar. It is matter of evidence in support of the plea of payment, or, as Professor Greenleaf puts it, “mere argument, of which the major premise is not a rule of law”: 1 Gr. Ev., sec. 44. It may Oe rebutted by any circumstances satisfactory to the mind, not only without a new promise to pay, but without even a recognition of the debt: Lyon v. Guild, 5 Heis., 175.
This being a bill for the administration of an estate, under the Code, sec. 2209 d seq., any person interested in the estate had a right to appeal, whether the administrator chose to appeal or not: Code, secs. 2391, 2210. And it is very certain that complainant is exclusively entitled to the recovery.
Reverse the decree, and render a decree in favor of complainant with costs.