| Iowa | Dec 14, 1883
The amount involved in the suit as shown by the pleadings does not exceed $100, and the case comes to us upon a certificate of the trial judge, of which the following is a copy:
“The following are the facts in said cause: January 4, 1881, plaintiff, G. ~W. Stafford, purchased of defendant, Thomas Slioivtreed, his blacksmith tools and stock, and the good will of his business, at Postville, Iowa, for the term of three years, and afterwards executed to plaintiff the following contract:
“ ‘ This is to certify that I have this day sold to G. W Stafford all of the blacksmith tools in my shop, consisting of anvils, bellows, * * * and all appertaining to my shop, for $100, and I promise in this sale to obligate myself to do no work at the blacksmith trade, for myself or for wages, for three years, in Postville, or within four miles of Postville, under a penalty of $100 to be paid to G. W. Stafford, if I do any blacksmithing.
“ Thomas Shoetbeed.’
“March 17, 1883, an order was made by me that, upon filing a bond in the sum of $500, a temporary injunction issue. The bond was given and the injunction issued, and it was served April 3, 1883.
“April 27, 1883, and without filing an answer or other pleading, a motion was made in vacation to dissolve the injunction, and taken under advisement. The defendant is insolvent, and commenced working at the blacksmith trade,*526 in Postville, for himself, about February 27, 1883, without paying the penalty.
“May 5, 1883, at chambers, the motion to dissolve said injunction was sustained, and injunction dissolved.
“Plaintiff excepts.
“ I hereby certify, under the foregoing facts, and the petition and amendment thereto, that this case involves the de termination of the following questions of law, upon which it is desirable to have the opinion of the supreme court:
“Can plaintiff recover the damages actually sustained already, and have an injudction restraining defendant from continuing to work at the blacksmith trade for himself ox for wages?
“Under section 3386 of the Code, where a contract as above given provides for a specified amount as a penalty for the breach of such a contract, and the contract 4s broken, can the plaintiff recover such penalty, and in the same action exxjoin a continuation of such breach?
“C. T. GbaNger, Judge.”
We think the court correctly ordered that the injunction be dissolved. The penalty for a breach of the bond was fixed at the sum of $100. It is to be presumed that the plaintiff made his contract with a full knowledge of defendant’s financial standing and ability to discharge his obligation. If he had doubts upon that question, he should have required some security to protect himself against any damages which he might sustain by reason of the defendant’s failure to observe his agreement. As he took the defendant’s promise to pay him $100 if defendant should violate his agreement, he cannot ask more than the ordinary process of the law to enforce payment. The amount which the defendant agreed to pay is in the nature of stipulated damages. It cannot be regarded as a penalty, because the actual damages which plaintiff may sustain by a violation of the agreement must, in the nature of things, be the subject of mere conjecture. They cannot be established by evidence, even
In this case there can be no repetition or continuance of á breach of the contract, because, when the defendant commenced to work at blacksmithing at Postville, he incurred the whole liability, which was to pay the plaintiff $100.
Affirmed.