Plаintiff sought damages of $100,000 from defendants Lyon and Dayani for personal injuries alleged to have been sustained in a four-car, chain-type collision. Lyon cross-claimed against Dayani for damages to his car in the sum of $500, and upon his death, prior to trial, Elizabeth Lyon, the Administratrix of his estate, was substituted both as defendant and as cross-claimant. At the beginning of the trial the рlaintiff dismissed as to Dayani, who did not appear in person or by counsel. Trial to a jury resulted in a verdict and judgment in favor of defendant Lyon on plaintiff’s claim, and in favor of Lyon and аgainst defednant Dayani for $210 on her cross-claim, from which plaintiff alone has appealed. We have jurisdiction because of the amount in dispute.
The nature of the points raised obviates an extensive statement of the facts. The collision occurred on December 26, 1959, at an intersection at the 900 block on South Glenstone Avenue in Springfield, Missоuri. All of the four cars involved were being operated in a northwardly direction, in the following order: Plaintiff, in a 1959 Volkswagen panel automobile; Lyon, in a 1952 Dodge; Dayani, in a 1954 Chevrolet; аnd one Everett Justis, in a 1959 Buick. It is undisputed that plaintiff, traveling in the center or inside lane preparatory to making a left turn, brought his car to a stop about a half a car length to the rear of a waiting automobile. It is also undisputed that the front of Lyon’s Dodge came in contact with the rear of plaintiff’s vehicle, that the front of Dayani’s Chevrolet struck the rear оf Lyon’s Dodge, and that the front of Justis’ Buick hit the rear end of Dayani’s car. The main issue in the case was the sequence in which such contacts occurred. It was plaintiff’s contention and his case was submitted on the theory that Lyon’s Dodge struck plaintiff’s automobile, and then in turn was hit by Dayani’s Chevrolet. Lyon’s position and defense was that his vehicle had come to a stop to the rear of plaintiff’s, and was knocked against plaintiff’s automobile by the force of Dayani’s car striking it. It is undisputed that the last impact occurred when Justis’ car struck Dayani’s.
On direct examination both Nolan Cross and Everett Justis, who appeared as witnesses on behalf of defendant Lyon, testified that Lyon’s car had come to a stop and was struck from the rear by Dayani’s Chevrolet, which knocked Lyon’s Dodge against the rear of plaintiff’s automobile. On cross-examination both witnesses were impeached by plaintiff by the use of written, signed stаtements made in July, 1960, introduced by defendant, in which they stated, in substance, that they could not say with certainty that Dayani’s Chevrolet hit Lyon’s Dodge before Lyon’s car struck plaintiff’s; and Justis stated that his inconsistent statement was true. On redirect examination, over plaintiff’s objections, the court permitted Lyon’s counsel to introduce and read to the jury written, signed statements made by Cross and Justis in January, 1960, which were consistent with their testimony on direct examination as to the sequence of the impacts.
Plaintiff urges that the court erred in admitting the prior consistent statements in their entirety because that of Cross contained his conclusion that the accident was not the fault of Lyon; and because that of Justis included a statement that the police had given Dayani a ticket, which was not pertinent to the matter on which Justis had been impeached, and was prejudicial. Had plaintiff voiced specific objections to the admission of such portions of the statements the error, if any, in the overruling of his objections would not have been preserved for appellate review, for his contention wаs not presented to the trial court in his motion for a new trial. Civil Rule 83.13(a), V.A.M.R.; Dudeck v. Ellis, Mo.,
Plaintiff next asserts that such consistent statements were inadmissible because both Cross and Justis had admitted making the inconsistent statements offered in evidence by plaintiff. He contends that it is the rule in this state that if a witness admits having madе the contradictory statement he has impeached himself and his prior consistent statement may not then be introduced for the purpose of rehabilitation, citing Williams v. St. Louis Public Sеrvice Co., Mo.App.,
Our rule as to rehabilitatiоn, as was noted in Huston v. Hanson, supra, has long been more liberal than that of many states. That rule, discussed at length in McElhattan v. St. Louis Public Service Co., Mo.,
Plaintiff’s final assignment is that in the cross-examination of Dr. McAlhany, a neurological surgeon who removed a ruptured disc from between plaintiff’s fifth and sixth vertebrae, defendant Lyon should not have been permitted to propound a hypothetical question in which facts were assumed that were not in evidence. Plaintiff urges that it is improper to hypothesize facts to an expert witness which are unsupported by evidence in the case. That may be true when a hypothetical question is propounded by plaintiff to his expert witness for the purpose of eliciting an opinion necessary to establish the causal connection between an event and a claimed result, as in Sneed v. Goldsmith, Mo.App.,
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tion in a civil action is discretionary with the trial court and its rulings in regаrd thereto will not be disturbed unless an abuse of discretion is clearly shown. Eickmann v. St. Louis Public Service Co., Mo.,
The judgment is affirmed.
PER CURIAM:
The foregoing opinion by RUSSELL H. DOERNER, Special Commissioner, is adopted as the opinion by the Court.