OPINION
St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Company appeals from a declaratory judgment in favor of Stanley Asbury, D.O., Susan Slater and David Slater, wife and husband, Gloria Lund, Chris Wolcott, and Marie Josefowicz and Rоbert Josefowicz, wife and husband, providing Dr. Asbury with professional liability insurance coverage for conduct committed while performing gynecological examinations of Slater, Lund, Wolcott аnd Josefowicz. St. Paul claims Asbury’s conduct, intentional and improper manipulation during gynecolоgical examinations, was unprofessional and therefore not covered by his professional liability policy. We disagree and affirm.
The sole issue is whether the language “providing or withholding of professional services” (with no applicable policy exclusions) provides coverage for injuries and damages that result from unprofessional acts of a physician. St. Paul аsks us to adopt the definition for “professional services” as stated in
Marx v. Hartford Accident & Indemnity Co.,
The thrust of Marx, supra, and its progeny is an examination of the act performed rather than the actor and does not include all forms оf a doctor’s conduct simply because he is a doctor. Stated another way, the question of professional liability coverage turns upon the nature of the tortious act, and not upon the mere circumstance that the tortfeasor is a doctor.
The position of Dr. Asbury and thе complaining patients is that his tortious conduct was committed in the course of and as an inseparable part of the professional services rendered. The trial court agreed with this position and stated:
The question of insurance coverage does not turn on whether the сonduct was negligent or intentional, or whether or not there was an assault and battery. Regardlеss of the category in which the underlying complaints are placed, they clearly allege tortious conduct while treating the patients, and seek damages resulting from the providing of prоfessional services. Furthermore, the tor-tious conduct, if it occurred, took place in thе course of and as an inseparable part of the providing of professional serviсes. Consequently, any damages would be those resulting from the providing of professional services by the insured.
The claims are within the language of the insurance policy, and the policy contains no exclusion of coverage which would be applicable. Coverage is therеfore afforded.
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The judgment of the trial court is supported by
St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. v. Mitchell,
In each of these cases, with differing facts, the courts focused on the рatients’ injuries which “resulted and [were] made possible only because there were profеssional services rendered during this time and others which should have been rendered but were not.” Zipkin v. Freeman, supra at 763. The courts found that the alleged conduct if it occurred (a question for the trier of fact), took place during the course of treatment, that the doctors did not treat the patients prоperly, and as a result, they were injured. St. Paul Fire and Marine Insurance Co. v. Mitchell, supra; Zipkin v. Freеman, supra. The doctors’ departure from standard practice during the course of treatment, their mishandling of the treatment is the essence of the claims.
The claims of Dr. Asbury’s patients that he manipulated their clitorises while performing routine gynecological examinations, if true, wаs tortious conduct committed while providing professional services and covered by his insuranсe policy. Most of the cases cited to us by St. Paul are distinguishable because the tortious sexual abuse of the patient was not intertwined with and inseparable from the services provided. One example of noncovered sexual abuse not related to treatment is the cаse of Hirst v. St. Paul, supra, where a physician’s sexual molestation occurred with a .patient who was being treated for hand injuries suffered in a wrestling match.
Finally, St. Paul asks us to reverse the trial court becausе affirmance would be against public policy and provide indemnification of a physician for performing antisocial, illegal, immoral and unprofessional acts. We disagree and hоld that the public policy of Arizona favors protecting the interests of injured parties. As the сourt stated in Vigilant Insurance v. Kamby, supra:
Initially, it is unlikely that the insured was induced to engage in the unlawful conduct by reliance upon the insurability of any claims arising therefrom or that allowing insurance coverage here would induce future similar unlawful conduct by practitioners. Nor does it appear that the policy was obtained in contemplation of a violation of the law____ Furthermore, coverage does not allow the wrongdoer unjustly to benefit from his wrong. It is not the insured who will benefit, but the innocent victim who will be provided compensation for her inju-ries____ In this instance, there is great public interest in protecting the interests of the injured party.
We affirm.